土壤保持

In the dry land and garden plot, the soil eroding amount of terraced fields is only 1/3 of that be ploughed directly along the slope. It is difficult that assart along the contour in the dry land and garden plot, after the first 1~2 years, the soil eroding amount will increase at double. From the soil and water conservation point of view, the mode that integrates arbor, shrub and grass in woodland is the best, the mode that plants grass in bare land is the second.

等高作梯的旱耕地和园地土壤侵蚀量仅为顺坡直耕的早耕地和园地顺坡的1/3左右；早耕地、园地等高开垦的强度大，开垦之后1~2年土壤侵蚀量成倍增长；从水土保持角度看，林地乔、灌、草结合模式最好，裸地植草模式次之。

Phytoremediation is defined as the use of plants to decontaminate and/or remove pollutants from the environment.

植物修复技术因其高效低耗、保持水土和美化环境等特点，已引起国际土壤——植物营养学界和环境科学界的浓厚兴趣和政府部门的高度重视，有望成为一项具有广阔应用前景的治理重金属污染土壤的全新技术。

Its universality: its democratic equality and constancy to its nature in seeking its own level: its vastness in the ocean of Mercator's projection: its unplumbed profundity in the Sundam trench of the Pacific exceeding 8000 fathoms: the restlessness of its waves and surface particles visiting in turn all points of its seaboard: the independence of its units: the variability of states of sea: its hydrostatic quiescence in calm: its hydrokinetic turgidity in neap and spring tides: its subsidence after devastation: its sterility in the circumpolar icecaps, arctic and antarctic: its climatic and commercial significance: its preponderance of 3 to 1 over the dry land of the globe: its indisputable hegemony extending in square leagues over all the region below the subequatorial tropic of Capricorn: the multisecular stability of its primeval basin: its luteofulvous bed: its capacity to dissolve and hold in solution all soluble substances including millions of tons of the most precious metals: its slow erosions of peninsulas and islands, its persistent formation of homothetic islands, peninsulas and downwardtending promontories: its alluvial deposits: its weight and volume and density: its imperturbability in lagoons and highland tarns: its gradation of colours in the torrid and temperate and frigid zones: its vehicular ramifications in continental lakecontained streams and confluent oceanflowing rivers with their tributaries and transoceanic currents, gulfstream, north and south equatorial courses: its violence in seaquakes, waterspouts, Artesian wells, eruptions, torrents, eddies, freshets, spates, groundswells, watersheds, waterpartings, geysers, cataracts, whirlpools, maelstroms, inundations, deluges, cloudbursts: its vast circumterrestrial ahorizontal curve: its secrecy in springs and latent humidity, revealed by rhabdomantic or hygrometric instruments and exemplified by the well by the hole in the wall at Ashtown gate, saturation of air, distillation of dew: the simplicity of its composition, two constituent parts of hydrogen with one constituent part of oxygen: its healing virtues: its buoyancy in the waters of the Dead Sea: its persevering penetrativeness in runnels, gullies, inadequate dams, leaks on shipboard: its properties for cleansing, quenching thirst and fire, nourishing vegetation: its infallibility as paradigm and paragon: its metamorphoses as vapour, mist, cloud, rain, sleet, snow, hail: its strength in rigid hydrants: its variety of forms in loughs and bays and gulfs and bights and guts and lagoons and atolls and archipelagos and sounds and fjords and minches and tidal estuaries and arms of sea: its solidity in glaciers, icebergs, icefloes: its docility in working hydraulic millwheels, turbines, dynamos, electric power stations, bleachworks, tanneries, scutchmills: its utility in canals, rivers, if navigable, floating and graving docks: its potentiality derivable from harnessed tides or watercourses falling from level to level: its submarine fauna and flora, numerically, if not literally, the inhabitants of the globe: its ubiquity as constituting 90 percent of the human body: the noxiousness of its effluvia in lacustrine marshes, pestilential fens, faded flowerwater, stagnant pools in the waning moon.

50它的普遍性，它的民主的平等性，以及保持着它自身求平的本质。用墨卡托投影法在地图上所标示出的浩淼的海洋；太平洋中巽他海沟那超过八千噚的不可测的深度；永不消停、后浪推前浪地冲刷着海岸线每一部位的波涛以及水面上的微粒子；水的单位粒子的独立性；海洋变幻莫测；根据液体静力学，风平浪静时它纹丝不动；根据液体动力学，小潮大潮时它便涨了起来。暴风雨后一片沉寂；北极圈与南极圈冰冠地带的不毛性以及对气候及贸易的影响；跟地球上的陆地相比占三对一优势；它在亚赤道带南回归线以南的整个区域延伸无数平方海里的绝对权威；其在原始海盆里数千万年以来所保持的稳定性；它那橙红色海床；它那把包括数百万吨贵金属在内的可溶解物质加以溶解，并使之保持在溶解状态的性能；它对半岛和有下陷趋势的岬角所产生的缓慢的浸蚀作用；其冲积层；其重量、容积与浓度；它在咸水湖、高山湖里的静谧；其色调因热带、温带和寒带而变为或浓或淡；与陆上的湖泊、溪流及支流汇合后注入海洋的河川，还有横跨大洋的潮流所构成的运输网。沿着赤道下面的水路自北向南的湾流；海震、水龙卷、自流井、喷泉、湍流、漩涡、河水暴涨、倾盆大雨、海啸、流域、分水岭、间歇泉、大瀑布、漩流、海漩、洪水、泛滥、暴雨等滥施淫威；环绕陆地的上层土壤那漫长的曲线；源泉的奥秘可用探矿杖来占卜或用湿度测定器来揭示；阿什汤大门的墙壁上的洞、空气的饱和与露水的蒸发能够证明那潜在的湿度；水的成分单纯，是氢二、氧一的化合物；水的疗效；水的死海里的浮力；它在小溪、涧谷、水坝的缝隙、船舷的裂口所显示的顽强的浸透性；它那清除污垢、解渴、灭火、滋养植物的性能；作为模范和典型，它的可靠性；它变化多端：雾、霭、云、雨、麦、雪、雹；并在坚固的消防龙头上发挥出压力；而且千姿百态：湖泊、湖岔、内海、海湾、海岬、环礁湖、环状珊瑚岛、多岛海、海峡、峡江、明奇、潮汐港湾、港湾；冰河、冰山、浮动冰原显示出它是何等坚硬；在运转水车、水轮机、发电机、发电厂、漂白作坊、鞣皮厂、打麻厂时，它又是那样驯顺；它在运河、可航行的河川、浮船坞和干船坞所起的作用；潮汐的动力化或利用水路的落差使它得以发挥潜力；海底那些成群的动物和植物虽然并非名副其实地栖息在地球上，论数目却占地球上生物的一大半；水无所不在，占人体的百分之九十；在沼泽地、闹瘟疫的湿地、馊了的花露水以及月亏期那淤积污浊的水塘子，水所散发的恶臭充满了毒气。

Other factors that were found to have positive effects on soil nutrientsinclude the multiple cropping index and the practice of plowing stalks back into theland.

相对于土地调整形成的地权不稳定，土地交易权不完整更不利于保持土壤的可持续生产能力，对农业土壤肥力有明显的负面外部效应。

The results showed: 1 With longer water stress, the growth and accumulation of dry matter of A.persica and Amygdalus communis L. was the fastest when the soil relative water content is 80%.The growth and accumulation of dry matter of A.persica and Amygdalus communis L. was restrained when the soil relative water content is 40% and 20%.But both of them still kept on growing the biomass weight.

主要结论如下： 1随着胁迫时间的延长，毛桃和石头扁桃在土壤相对含水量为80%时生长最快和干物质积累量最大，土壤相对含水量为40%和20%时生长明显受到抑制，干物质积累量降低，但仍保持一定的生长。

The soil on flat arboreous and covering hillside does not corrode, prevent river water to sweep soil, rise to hold the action of natural environment.

倒下的树木掩护山坡上的土壤不被侵蚀，防止河水冲走土壤，起到保持水土的作用。

The effects of different tillage practice on system of summer sowing soybean (Glucine max CYFeng Shoul2) including soil temperature, soil water and nutrients as well as biomass dynamic with different phonological stage were examined at Xifeng loess plateau, Gansu province.

本研究综合应用生物学、农学、生理生态学和土壤科学的技术与方法，2001年在甘肃西峰黄土旱塬区，以夏种大豆(Glucine max CV丰收12号)为试验材料，采用水土保持耕作技术，对不同耕作方式下土壤温度、水分、养分动态和夏种大豆生长发育、光合生理生态特征进行了系统研究。

Due to the forest litter layer is thicker than the grassland, its soil structure is looser and has higher water and organic matter content in the solum. In addition, the rhizomatic growth of forest community vertical structure has obvious differences on the herbosa in the pore size distribution and the infiltration rate.

由於林地较草地的枯枝落叶层为厚，使其土壤结构较松散，并会增加表层土壤水分保持及有机质含量，再者，森林及林下植物相较於草类根系的生长及分布情况，对於不同土壤深度之大小孔隙的比率及水分入渗速率具有明显的差异。

Results showed that shoot biomass of H. annuus was significantly higher than that of R. acetosa and R. hastatus; among three plant species, 134Cs specific activity in shoots was the highest in H. annuus after 50 d-treatment, however after 70 d-treatment, that in R. acetosa was the highest. Bioaccumulation ratio reached 1.5, 1.4 and 1.3 in R. acetosa, R. hastatus and H. annuus after 70 d-treatment, and the former two plants kept with trend of continuously increasing. Three plants were resistant to 134Cs contaminated soil and capable of translocating 134Cs from soil to plants. Among them, H. annuus removed greatest 134Cs amount in the aboveground part during the experiment period, and R. acetosa, R.

结果表明，向日葵地上部生物量显著高于酸模和戟叶酸模；处理50d时，向日葵地上部134Cs比活度在3种植物中达到最高，而在处理70d时，酸模地上部134Cs的比活度达到最高；处理70d时，酸模、戟叶酸模和向日葵对134Cs的富集系数均大于1，分别达到1.5、1.4和1.3，且前2种植物继续保持快速上升的趋势。3种植物对铯污染土壤具有一定的忍耐性，并具有较强的从土壤向植物转移铯的能力；在本实验期内（70d）向日葵对土壤中放射性铯的剔除能力最强，而酸模和戟叶酸模则具有更强的铯转移能力。

Field moisture capacity is the key factor not only resulting in afforestation success or failure, but also that impacting on productivity of stand at hot-dry valley of Jinshajiang River. It was concluded by the investigation that: the contour trench (40 cm×40 cm), mixted with can increase the field moisture capacity, in accordance, the productivity of stand could bue improved in some degrees. But bearing the weight of soil capability, survival individual plant on unit area was about 525 plant/hm^2. Further-more, introduction of the grade 1 seedling in afforestation could improve survival rate, and facilitate the stand productivity.

土壤含水量是影响金沙江干热河谷造林成败的关键因子，同时也是影响林分生产力的限制性因子，通过试验得出：采用水平沟整地(40cm×40cm)、与多年生小灌木混交，可在一定程度上提高林地土壤含水量，从而使得造林保存率和林分生产能力均有提高，但是受其土壤承载能力的影响，单位面积的保存株数保持在525株/hm^2左右；此外，用Ⅰ级苗木造林，不但可以提高造林保存，对林分的后其生长也有促进作用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。