土壤

Corn seedling were grown for 5 harvests in pot experiments to evaluate potassium supplycapacity of the soils.Results indicated that when soil avaliable potassium decreased,the dryplant matter was firstly affected,secondly was the total uptake of potassium by plant,then was thepotassium content in plant.Exchangeable,nonexchangeable and mineral potassium wereavaliable for plant,but the contribution of each potassium form was depended on soil types.

本文在研究褐土、潮土不同层次土壤的供钾特性、土壤各形态钾素的动力学行为以及小麦根系对钾素的吸收动力学特征的基础上，以玉米幼苗从土壤中的吸钾量为对照，考察了土壤钾素动力学特征与土壤钾素生物有效性的关系，运用热力动力学理论建立了土—根系统中的钾素能态链，并确立了土壤钾素生物有效性的能态指标。

It was different of contents of same mineral element inthe leaves of Malania olefera because of different areas, but the differences was notnotable. The influence of mineral element and soil elements on Malania olefera wasnitrogen, iron, manganese, zinc, potassium, copper from most to least, and four ofthem were belong to microelement. However, the lack of copper and serious lack ofzinc and iron in the soil influent the growth of Malania olefera. It had been made through the analysis of morphologic and anatomicalcharacteristics of root, stem, leaf, flower, fluid and seed that Malania olefera notonly had the primitive character but also had the evolution character, which had thevital significance on Olacaceae classification.

砂粒含量比大，通透性良好的土壤适宜蒜头果的生长；六个不同分布区土壤的有机质和全N含量极为丰富，速效K的含量水平中等，而土壤速效P的含量富贫差异较大；分布区土壤部分缺Cu，严重缺Zn、Fe；蒜头果叶片中的叶绿素含量与立地条件有着密切的关系；龙虎山样地立地条件比其他样地更适合蒜头果生长；不同立地上生长的蒜头果叶片中同一矿质元素含量有一定的差异，但差异不显著；土壤元素对蒜头果生长的影响由大到小依次为：N、Fe、Mn、Zn、K、Cu，其中四个是微量元素，而分布区土壤缺乏Cu，严重缺Zn、Fe而影响了蒜头果的生长发育。

The max value of the spatial heterogeneity grade were decrease according to the increase of decay degree of stump in the gap with stump.(4) The result showed by studing the season change of soil respiration in a conifer-broadleave forest after select cutting in Xiaoxingan Amount,soil respiration presenced the well season change after select cutting.The soil surface CO_2 flux has good correlated with soil temperature and soil moisture.

4对小兴安岭地区典型针阔混交林择伐后土壤呼吸速率季节变化研究结果表明，择伐作业后，土壤呼吸速率呈现规律性的(来源：AdaB6565C论文网www.abclunwen.com)季节变化，林地表面土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度和湿度有着较好的相关性，土壤温度和湿度共同解释了林地表面土壤呼吸速率的68.10%～98.9%。

Soil ecological degradation can be defined as the process and phenomenon of a series of deterioration of soil ecological environment such as structural destruction and functional recession of soil ecosystem, decrease of soil biodiversity and productivity, dcsertification, drought, hardness, acidification and salination of soils, deficit and unbalance of soil nutrients, and loss of soil and water, resulting from human activities and adverse natural environmental conditions.

土壤生态退化是指由于人类活动及恶劣的自然环境条件作用或二者共同作用下造成的土壤生态系统结构破坏、系统功能衰退、土壤生物多样性减少、土壤生产力下降以及土壤荒漠化、干旱化、板结化、酸化、盐碱化和养分亏缺与失衡等一系列土壤生态环境恶化的过程和现象。

Study on 6 soil enzyme activities and 7 siol fertility factors of 12 different planting modes,analyse the dates with the correlation analysis and the canonical correalation analysis,In order to reveal the relations between the soil enzyme activities and soil fertilities in the low hill lands along Yantze River , The result of the correlation analysis showed that they had a great relation between the soil enzyme activities and siol fertility factors.

对12种不同种植模式的6个土壤酶活性和7个土壤肥力因子进行测定，运用相关分析和典型相关分析方法对数据进行分析，以期阐明沿江丘陵地区土壤酶活性与土壤肥力因子的关系。相关分析的结果表明土壤酶活性与土壤肥力因子密切相关，多数呈极显著正相关。

Planted forests can deplete deep soil water, forming an obstacle to sustainable land use in the semi-arid area of Loess Plateau. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of grazing and cropping on replenishment of deep soil water where forest plantations had depleted soil moisture at depths of 2～9.9 m. We compared soil moisture on plantation plots with that on plots where plantations were replaced by crops, grazed grassland, and ungrazed grassland seperately.

为了研究黄土丘陵半干旱区人工林迹地土壤水分恢复情况，该文以正在生长的人工林土壤水分含量为人工林迹地土壤水分恢复的起点，并分别以持续农地和持续放牧荒坡的土壤含水量为林后农地和草地土壤水分恢复的上限，对位于黄土丘陵半干旱区绥德县境内的人工林迹地土壤水分恢复情况进行了研究。

Environmental chemical action of Cadmium in topsoil in Chengdu has been studied in this paper, including the Cadmium pollution survey of topsoil in Chengdu, the chemical speciation research of Cadmium in topsoil, the research of correlation between soil character and chemical speciation of Cadmium and eluviating experiment research.

本文针对成都市表生土壤中镉的环境化学行为进行研究，包括以下研究内容：成都市表生土壤的镉污染状况调查；表生土壤中镉的化学形态研究；土壤性状同土壤镉赋存形态的关系研究；土壤淋滤实验研究。

Results show that microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in fertilized soil peak in the first several days, and then decline. Incubating both sweet maize straw and white clover have the highest yield, maxima of 529.57 mgkg^(-1) and 75.50 mgkg^(-1) respectively. They also release respired CO2 the most among all treated soils. The best mineral nitrogen release is in white clover incubating, with a maximum of 29.81 mgkg^(-1) under a 26-day culture, and then keeping 1.60 times the control and reaching 2.48 times at 80-day culture. Sweet maize incubating has the least mineral nitrogen release. It is 13%~53% of the control under a 26-day culture, with a maximum of 7.51 mg kg^(-1). Soil nitrogen mineralization is insignificant under sweet maize incubating with urea in short-term.

研究发现，各施肥处理的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮均在培养前期出现峰值，后期平稳降低；甜玉米桔秆和白三叶草绿肥同时还田的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮在各培养时期均最大，峰值分别达529.57 mgkg^(-1)，和75.50 mgkg^(-1)，土壤呼吸产生的CO2最多；白三叶草绿肥单独还田有利于土壤无机氮的释放，培养第26d无机氮达到最大值，为29.81 mgkg^(-1)，之后一直在对照处理的1.60倍以上，第80d达到2.48倍；甜玉米秸秆单独还田不利于土壤无机氮的释放，培养的第26d至结束，甜玉米秸秆处理的无机氮为对照的13%~53%，最大为751 mgkg^(-1)；甜玉米秸秆配施尿素，短期内不利于土壤无机氮矿化。

Results show that microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in fertilized soil peak in the first several days, and then decline. Intercropping Incubating both sweet maize straw and white clover have the highest yield, maxima of 529.57 mg·kg-1 and 75.50 mg·kg-1 respectively. They also release the most respired CO2 the most among all treated soils. The best mineral nitrogen release is in white clover intercroppingincubating, with a maximum of 29.81 mg·kg-1 under a 26-day culture, and then keeping 1.60 times the control and reaching 2.48 times at 80-day culture. Sweet maize incubatingintercropping has the least mineral nitrogen release. It is 13%~53% of the control under a 26-day culture, with a maximum of 7.51 mg·kg-1. Soil nitrogen mineralizatiomineralization is insignificant under sweet maize incubatingintercropping with urea in short-term.

研究发现，各施肥处理的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮均在培养前期出现峰值，后期平稳降低；甜玉米秸秆和白三叶草绿肥同时还田的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮在各培养时期均最大，峰值分别达529.57 mg·kg-1和75.50 mg·kg-1，土壤呼吸产生的CO2最多；白三叶草绿肥单独还田有利于土壤无机氮的释放，培养第26 d 无机氮达到最大值，为29.81 mg·kg-1，之后一直在对照处理的1.60倍以上，第80 d达到2.48倍；甜玉米秸秆单独还田不利于土壤无机氮的释放，培养的第26 d至结束，甜玉米秸秆处理的无机氮为对照的13%～53%，最大为7.51 mg·kg-1；甜玉米秸秆配施尿素，短期内不利于土壤无机氮矿化。

Different shrubberies have different effect on soil carbon management index.

结果表明，侵蚀环境下的坡耕地由于人为干扰，土壤碳库含量偏低，退耕营造柠条林可以显著增加土壤碳库各组分含量，并随恢复年限呈显著线性关系，25 a时TOC、LOC和NLOC分别较坡耕地增加271%、144%和204%，仅为侧柏林的32%、30%和29%，碳库指数和碳库管理指数较坡耕地明显增加，增幅分别达到144%和108%，仅为侧柏林的28%和43%；不同灌木林对土壤碳库管理的改善作用不同，恢复年限相同的沙棘林土壤碳库组分含量和管理指数明显高于柠条林，坡耕地营造灌木林后土壤经营和管理水平得到了显著改善，土壤系统向着良性方向转变。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失