土壤

Because of the regional difference of soil and climatic conditions, the division of 4 stages of soil moisture circulation is not all the same between different areas; the soil moisture dynamics between different dry farming areas in the Yellow River Basin is contrasted in this report. The results indicate that soil moisture increases gradually from dry semi-arid area to semi-arid area, dry semi-humid area and semi-humid area, and the high value district generally appears during soil moisture resuming period in rainy season or soil melting period. While the low value district appears at the stage of fast evaporation in spring or slow evaporation in autumn; in views of vertical changes of soil moisture, it is showed that the variation range of upper lays is larger than that of lower among the different dry farming areas in the Yellow River Basin.

由于各区域之间土壤、气候条件的差异，各地土壤水分循环4个阶段的划分也不尽相同；黄河流域不同旱作类型区土壤水分动态变化比较结果表明：就季节变化而言(来源：A70b0B0bC论文网www.abclunwen.com)，由半干旱偏旱区→半干旱区→半湿润偏旱区→半湿润区土壤水分含量呈逐渐增加的变化趋势，而且高值区一般出现在雨季恢复阶段或春季土壤融冻返浆时期；而低值区均出现在春季大量蒸发阶段或秋季缓慢蒸发阶段；就垂直变化而言，黄河流域不同旱作类型区土壤水分垂直变化的趋势均表现为上层变化幅度较下层大。

Results indicated that both the amount of bacteria, epiphyte and actionmyces sharply and the amounts of acarina, collembolan and nematode were increased by application of organic fertilizer and the combined application of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer for a longtime. Soil animal collembolan and nematode were significantly related to soil organic material and available phosphorous and available nitrogen. Acarina was significantly related to soil organic phosphorous, available potassium and available nitrogen.

结果表明：长期单施有机肥及其配施无机化肥，能显著增加土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量，明显提高土壤动物蜱螨类、弹尾类、线虫类的数量，土壤动物弹尾类、线虫类与土壤有机质、有效磷、碱解氮呈极显著正相关；蜱螨类与土壤有机磷、速效钾呈极显著正相关；与土壤碱解氮呈显著正相关。

Lasius Tetramorium and Achaeta were the dominant groups that accounted for 49.20% of the total individuals. The results suggested that the types of land use affected the species richness and abundance, and human activity has a significant impact on the soil macro-animals community. Agricultural activity reduced soil macro-animal diversity, but did not change their vertical distributions in the soil profile. The results also showed that the differences in the composition of the soil macro-animal community between the middle plain and the west plain in Jilin Province were mainly explained by the dominant group density and rare group numbers in all habitats.

分析结果表明：大型土壤动物类群空间分布的广狭与个体数量的多寡在吉林省中西部平原区呈现出明显的一致性；中部平原区与西部平原区大型土壤动物群落组成存在显著差异；中西部大型土壤动物个体数量差异主要体现在优势类群方面，类群数量差异主要体现在稀有类群方面；土地利用差异明显影响大型土壤动物个体密度和类群数分布，其中农田和居民点园地土壤动物个体密度和类群数明显减少，但对土壤动物的垂直分布没有影响。

In order to determine organic storage and its space distribution characteristics in paddy field of region, on the basis of second soil survey database, the space databases in unit of soil local type were set up by adoption Arcview software, integrated with GIS software, basined on soil type methods and region scale, the distribution of soil organic carbon storages in purple paddy soil of Chongqing were investigated. The results showed that the storage of SOC in Banan district of Chongqing was 6.48×10^6 t and average SOC density in Banan district with 8.31 kg/m^2 was higher than that of China.

为了明确区域稻田土壤碳库蓄积量及其空间分布特征，以全国第二次土壤普查数据资料为基础，运用地理信息系统软件Arcview建立研究区以土种为单位的空间数据库，结合GIS空间分析功能，基于土壤类型法估算重庆市巴南区稻田土壤有机碳储量及其空间分布特征，结果表明：研究区稻田土壤有机碳总储量约为6.48×10^6t，平均土壤有机碳密度为8.31kg/平方公尺，略高于全国平均水平。

The results show, under the long-trem influence of different farming behaviors, the soil, collected from dry-land in low multiple crop index to dry-land in high multiple crop index to composite-land in high multiple crop index, decease in bult density, clay content, total P and activities of catalaes and increase in organic matter, humic acid contents, nitogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soi breathe intensity and urease, phosphatase, protease active content.

选择贵州中部喀斯特山区普定县猫洞小流域地区，通过长期受不同生产行为影响的区域（低复种旱作区、高复种旱作区、高复种复合农作区）的土壤采样分析，结果表明：喀斯特山区小流域土壤在长期不同生产行为影响下，从低复种指数旱作区、高复种指数旱作区到高复种指数复合农作区，土壤容重、粘粒含量减小，而土壤有机质、腐殖酸含量、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、土壤呼吸强度、脲酶、磷酸酶、蛋白酶活性含量依次增大，土壤全钾含量和过氧化氢酶活性却依次减小。

Thiscontributes greatly to t he uncertainty of the research result, and limits the use of cosmogenic nuclides in theresearch on soil and weathering profile.

简要介绍了土壤和风化壳剖面中宇成核素的收支情况和累积，并通过几个实例介绍了国外和境外一些土壤和风化壳的宇成核素研究情况：土壤和风化壳的年龄和表面侵蚀速率，坡地土壤的生成速率和蠕滑速率，土壤面的地貌演化过程，以及一些土壤侵蚀事件研究。

Results showed that cultivation of milk vetch significantly lowered concentrations of heavy metals and soil comprehensive pollution index, and more or less the same as the treatments of organic reagents, except for effect on decreasing Zn and Cd concentrations and comprehensive heavy metal pollution index, which were not so big in scale. When compared with the treatment of milk vetch + organic reagents, the treatment of milk vetch did not differ much in heavy metal concentrations and comprehensive pollution index. Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F.

结果表明，紫云英处理显著降低土壤重金属浓度和土壤综合污染指数，下降幅度与CK比呈极显著差异；除土壤Zn、Cd浓度和土壤重金属多因子综合污染指数的下降幅度显著低于有机试剂处理，其他与有机试剂处理均无显著差异；紫云英处理与&紫云英＋有机试剂&的交互作用处理相比，土壤重金属浓度和土壤综合污染指数的下降幅度无显著差异。

The soil under grassed elleyways had higher NH4+,and K,but lower NO3- than the soil under herbicide strip,with exception that the soil in the layer of 0～10 cm under herbicide strip had higher content of K.

施肥增加土壤速效N的含量。土壤NO3-的季节性变化表明5至6月份土壤中NO3-的含量高，而花前和7月份土壤中NO3-含量低。P、K在清耕带10 cm以下土壤的含量低于生草地土壤，但在0～10cm土层中K的含量高于生草地。P的含量不受影响。

Sum up under the same condition, NT has more advantages than CT onthose indexes of hydrolyzable nitrogen ,available phosphorus and potassiumin 0-20cm soil layer while there are no evidently difference underneath 20cmsoil layer.2.2 In NT fertilization zone and mantle zone, contents of organic matter in0-40cm soil layer are higher than that in CT.

和常规处理相比，免耕施肥区处理 N3T和覆盖区处理 N3TC 在 0-20cm 土层显著提高了有机质含量，其中覆盖区增加效果显著。2.3 和常规耕翻处理相比，成熟后免耕处理在 0-20cm 土层土壤显著降低了土壤容重和增加了毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度，显著提高了土壤总孔隙度。3 免耕对土壤中不同形态氮素以及土壤水分含量变化的影响3.1 土壤铵态氮拔节期至成熟期是免耕处理和常规处理铵态氮显著差异的形成时期。

The results indicated that the concentration of Cu in the soil is 220.16 mgkg^(-1) contrast to the CK 500.31 mgkg^(-1) significantly decrease when the concentration of EDTA in the soil is 2 mmolkg^(-1) that explains EDTA treatment significantly decreased soluble Cu content in soil because of translating into Cu of water distill floating on the surface of soil and most accumulating around root. Contemporary, application of EDTA to the soil significantly enhanced mobilization of Cu in soil and increased Cu uptake in shoot of Leersia hexandra Swartz., the highest concentration in the leaves 336.54 mgkg^(-1) is 4 times higher compared with the ck 80.34 mgkg^(-1). However, citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid inhibited mobilization of Cu and less significantly affected shoot Cu accumulation.

结果表明，当向土壤中施加质量摩尔浓度为2mmolkg^(-1)的EDTA时，土壤中Cu质量分数为220.16mgkg^(-1)与空白土壤中500.31mgkg^(-1)相比明显减少，说明EDTA可以极显著的降低土壤中的铜质量分数，使其转化成水提取态的Cu浮于土壤表面，并大部分聚集在根部周围，同时向土壤中施加EDTA不但促进了对Cu的活化而且显著提高了李氏禾对Cu的吸收，叶中最高质量分数达到336.54mgkg^(-1)是对照中80.34mgkg^(-1)的四倍；而柠檬酸、草酸和酒石酸则抑制了Cu的活化，但对李氏禾地上部分的Cu质量分数影响不大。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失