土地的面积

A short distance measured perpendicularly from the main line in surveying, used to help in calculating the area of an irregular plot.

支距在测量中，从主线垂直测得的一个短的距离，用以帮助计算一不规则的小块土地之面积

A short distance measured perpendicularly from the ma in line in surveying,used to help in calculating the area of an irregular plot.

支距在测量中，从主线垂直测得的一个短的距离，用以帮助计算一不规则的小块土地之面积

The results showed that grassland and farmland were the main land use types of research area with obvious reciprocal transformation. Grassland was mainly transferred to farmland in 1975-1990. Farmland was chiefly converted to grassland, and grassland tended to increase in 1990-2004. The landscape diversity in the study area rose with the contagion index decreasing and fragmentation degree being intensified during 1975-2000. The advantageous patches maintained good connectivity with the increasing patch cohesion index and the decreasing landscape fragmentation during 2000-2004. The change of human interference intensity played an important role on the variation of land use structure. Land use intensity was mainly affected by the changes in population as well as national land use policies. In the following 20 years, the agriculture land area would tend to decrease, the grassland and unused land area would have a slight reduction by contrasting the increasing the forest land area notably.

结果表明，近30 a来，草地和农业用地面积在该研究区占居主导地位，并且它们之间发生着明显的相互转化。1975－1990年，草地主要向农业用地转移，1990－2004年农业用地主要转化为草地，草地面积增加；1975－2000年，研究区景观多样性升高，蔓延度指数下降，破碎化程度加剧；2000－2004年景观内优势斑块具有了很好的连接性，聚集度增大，整体景观格局破碎化程度降低；人为干扰强度的变化对土地利用结构的变化具有重要作用，土地利用强度主要受人口数量以及国家土地利用政策的影响；在未来20 a间农业用地面积会继续减小，草地、未利用土地面积将有小幅度降低，林地面积会显著增加。

I、Countryside soil relationship under the common law The peasantry possessed the right to use and allocat the portional land .

农民对份地有使用权和某些支配权。份地的面积由农户的纳税能力决定。对于一些贫困农户，要保障他们基本生活所必需的土地。

The dissertation modifies the model of Holdridge's indexes of lifezone according to the features of the ecological climate of Xinjiang. The influence of the variation of vegetation caused by the climate variation of Xinjiang in recent decades is also analyzed. In recent 40 years, the type of life zone hasn't changed, the area and number of patch changed only. The diversity changed but not too much..That is, diversity of life zone changed in little range, the whole entiroment is still be a rather stable state, whill be goo for desertation expand contrandictorily.

根据新疆生态气候特征和生物地理规律对Holdridge生命地带分类模型进行修正，分析新疆近几十年来气候变化所引起的植被变化对于新疆土地荒漠化的影响。40多年来，新疆生命地带的类型数量并没有产生变化，只是各类型的面积和斑块数的变化，多样性有所波动，但是波动不大，也就是说生命地带多样性的震荡幅度不大，整个生态环境处于一种相对稳定的状态，这种稳定的生态环境状态有利于荒漠化的逆向发展； 7。

The DTM for automatic-design of thruway was put forward by Prof. Miller in 1956. Since then , the DEM is used for design of various circuit diagram, and for account of area, cubage, gradient of various project, and for estimating visibility from point to point; for rendering contour, grade-graph, aspect-graph, solid model; for making orthographic image and repair map in the Topography; for assistant data to classify in the Remote Sensing; as basic data in the GIS, for analysis and layout actuality of using soil, for disaster prediction; for navigation, guiding missile in the military affairs.

美国麻省理工学院Miller教授为了高速公路的自动设计于1956年提出了数字地面模型的概念后，DEM被用于各种线路的设计及各种工程的面积、体积、坡度的计算，任意两点间可视性判断及绘制任意断面图；在测绘中被用于绘制等高线、坡度坡向图、立体透视图，制作正射影像图与地图的修测；在遥感中可作为分类的辅助数据；它是地理信息系统的基础数据，可用于土地利用现状的分析、合理规划及洪水险情预报等；在军事上可用于导航及导弹制导；在工业上可利用数字表面模型DSM或数字物体模型绘制出表面结构复杂的物体的形状[2]。

The land use pattern had changed by a relatively large margin in Neijiang city from 1997 to 2005. The main tendency of this change is that with remarkable reduction of cultivated land that decreased by 9936.11hm~2, unutilized land and water area, while garden land, forest land that increased by 7032.23 hm~2, grass land and building land increased notably. And during the research time, the speed of land use type change reduced from garden land, traffic land, forest land, residential areas and industrial and minings land, cultivated land, unutilized land to water area. The main trend of general dynamic degree changed from progressive increase to degression. From the analyses of land use diversion matrix, we know resulting in the quantity change of land use was that cultivated land being occupied by construction,adjustment in structure of agriculture and the implementation of the national reforesting formerly cultivated land policy in Neijiang city.

结果表明：1997～2005年间，土地利用类型发生较大幅度变化，总体上呈现耕地、未利用地、水域面积显著减小和园地、林地、牧草地、建设用地面积增大的趋势，其中耕地面积减幅最大，达9936.11hm~2，林地增幅最大，达7032.23 hm~2；土地利用类型变化速度依次为园地＞交通用地＞林地＞耕地＞居民点及工矿用地＞未利用地＞水域，其中园地为2.67％，水域为-0.01％，综合土地利用动态度呈现先递增后递减的趋势；从土地利用类型转移矩阵分析得出，建设用地占用耕地、农业结构内部调整、&退耕还林&是导致内江市土地利用类型数量变化的重要原因。

In Ban-da Aceh City,the changes of fishponds,residential areas and conservation areas were dominated the land use/cover changes.

在班达阿齐市，鱼塘、住宅用地和保护区的变化是这一地区最显著的土地利用/覆盖变化，受灾前后这些用地类型的面积相应的变化了61.5%、57.8%和77.6%。

In Banda Aceh City, the changes of fishponds, residential areas and conservation areas were dominated the land use/cover changes. These three land use/covers were decreased about 61.5%, 57.8% and 77.6% from the former respectively.

在班达阿齐市，鱼塘、住宅用地和保护区的变化是这一地区最显著的土地利用/覆盖变化，受灾前后这些用地类型的面积相应的变化了61.5%、57.8%和77.6%。

In a victory for Evo Morales, Bolivia's socialist president, 62% of voters backed a new constitution that he hopes will give greater rights to Amerindians, tighten state control over the economy and limit landholdings to 5,000 hectares (12,400 acres).

令玻利维亚总统莫拉莱斯欣喜的是，62%的民众相信由他主导修改的新宪法将会给予印第安人更大的权力，加强政府对经济的掌控，并且将土地占有面积限制在5千公顷（12，400英亩）内。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。