土地利用

The authors analyzes the function change of urban in its evolvement and the eco\|environmental problems caused by this change.Based on this analysis and the method of systems ecology founded by Odum H T,the authors discuss the aim and the principle of urban eco\|environment planning under the sustainable development;put forward the general view of urban eco\|environment planning in which the kernel is the adjusting of industry structure,land\|use structure and spatial pattern;construct the dynamic simulatin...

在剖析城市演化历程中的功能变迁与导引的生态环境滞胀类型和危害的基础上，着重利用系统生态学的原理和方法，探讨了可持续发展要求下的城市生态环境规划的目标、原理和研究的内容、方法及过程；提出了以产业结构、土地利用结构和空间格局的调整为核心制定城市生态环境规划的总体思路；创造性地融大气扩散、雨水沉降和植被吸纳SO2 ，NOx 及TSP等污染物模型与经济、人口和碳氧平衡等模型于一体，构建了案例城市广州的生态环境综合调控模型，并借助DY NAMO语言模拟得到了广州市未来生态环境规划的优化方案。

By analyzing soil quality of 4 kinds of land use types in Kalamay agriculture development area according to principal component analysis, we draw the conclusions: nature shrub tree land is affected little by mankind, a great deal of organic matter return to soil every year, and root system can improve soil physical quality, can absorb salt from soil, so the soil quality of nature shrub tree land is the best; the soil quality of farmland is better than the soil quality of manpower Tamarix Bulrush land, which may be reasoned that man make for soil quality by irrigation to exclude salt and fertilizing organic muck in the earlier oasis digging up period. Soil physical qualities of tree land get harden and worsen for flooding irrigation, furthermore climate in Kalamay is dry and rainless , the other irrigation is very long time after the former one, so soil get harden severity and result soil physical quality get worse and worse.

利用主成分分析法分析新疆克拉玛依农业开发区四种土地利用方式下的土壤质量，得出：天然灌木林地，受人为影响较小，每年有大量有机物质返还土壤，且天然灌木的根系可以很好的改良土壤的物理性质，同时所选天然灌木林灌木多是耐盐碱并且本身又具有吸收积累来自土壤的盐分，土壤质量最好；农田受到的人为影响最大，但农田综合得分却好于人工柽柳芦苇地综合得分，这可能是由于在开垦初期的绿洲农田，受到了人们灌水压盐及增施各种有机无机肥料等有利于土壤质量提高的措施所致；乔木林地，由于人们用大水漫灌的方式灌溉，致使林地土壤变得板结，土壤物理性质下降，加上克拉玛依地区气候干燥少雨，一次灌溉后较长时间后才有下一次灌溉，致使土壤理化性质恶化，土壤质量不高。

This paper mainly introduces the technology of turning sludge into resources, the uti lization of sludge in agriculture, the digestion of sludge to produce methane, t he technology of turning sludge into fuel and building materials, and other slud ge treatment technologies.

污泥的土地利用、污泥消化制沼气、污泥燃料化技术、污泥的建材利用及污泥的其他几种资源化处理方法，有利于污泥处理效率的提高和环境的改善。

Based on GIS, this paper quantitatively analyses the relationship between population distribution and environmental factors including elevation, land use, road system and river system, and the relationship between population density and residential area density in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. These relationships lay a foundation for spatialization of population census data in the study area.

本文利用GIS工具定量地分析了青藏高原地区人口分布与海拔高度、土地利用、道路网、河流水系等环境因素的关系以及人口密度与居民点密度之间的关系，这些客观存在的关系是进行人口统计数据空间化的基础。

The current models constructed by using neural networks can neither predict the peak flow and the peak time of flood in ungauged watersheds, nor evaluate the hydrological impacts of land use changes. This study offers a current models.

现阶段利用类神经网路进行降雨迳流模拟的方式，仅能产生单一集水区适用的流量推估模式，无法进一步预测未设流量站集水区的洪水特性，也无法评估土地利用变所可能造成的水文冲击。

From high resolution RS image of study area, gully head locations and land use information can be extracted, by performing overlay analysis on gully head locations map and flow accumulation map, slope gradient map, the slope and upslope drainage area of each gully head can be obtained.

采用的方法是RS技术与GIS技术相结合的方法，利用高分辨率卫星影像提取研究区内所有切沟的沟头位置和土地利用状况，将沟头位置与研究区的水流汇流网络图、坡度图作叠加分析，得到切沟沟头的坡度和上游汇水面积。

The DTM for automatic-design of thruway was put forward by Prof. Miller in 1956. Since then , the DEM is used for design of various circuit diagram, and for account of area, cubage, gradient of various project, and for estimating visibility from point to point; for rendering contour, grade-graph, aspect-graph, solid model; for making orthographic image and repair map in the Topography; for assistant data to classify in the Remote Sensing; as basic data in the GIS, for analysis and layout actuality of using soil, for disaster prediction; for navigation, guiding missile in the military affairs.

美国麻省理工学院Miller教授为了高速公路的自动设计于1956年提出了数字地面模型的概念后，DEM被用于各种线路的设计及各种工程的面积、体积、坡度的计算，任意两点间可视性判断及绘制任意断面图；在测绘中被用于绘制等高线、坡度坡向图、立体透视图，制作正射影像图与地图的修测；在遥感中可作为分类的辅助数据；它是地理信息系统的基础数据，可用于土地利用现状的分析、合理规划及洪水险情预报等；在军事上可用于导航及导弹制导；在工业上可利用数字表面模型DSM或数字物体模型绘制出表面结构复杂的物体的形状[2]。

Based on long-term statistical data of cultivated land and economy, and land use survey data since municipalized, this paper focuses on relation between cultivated land use change and socio-economic development, and the cultivated land change since municipalized.

根据重庆市1952-2003年长序列耕地和经济统计数据及1997年重庆市直辖以来土地利用调查数据，重点分析了重庆市耕地利用变化与社会经济发展的关系，以及直辖以来耕地的变化情况。

Soil CEC and organic matter content were higher in forest-land, grassland and farmland than in orchard land, and soil pH was lower in forestland than in other three land use types. Soil pH, CEC and organic matter content were higher in plateau land and sloping land than in gully bottom and terrace land. Soil CEC and organic matter content were higher in dark loessial soil and rebified soil, while soil pH was higher in yellow loessial soil.

不同土地利用方式下，土壤有机质和CEC以林地、草地和农田较高，果园较低；pH则以林地较低，其他利用方式较高；不同地形条件下，3种土壤性质均呈塬面和坡地大于沟道和梯田的趋势；不同类型土壤中，有机质和CEC以黑沪土和红土较高，pH则以黄绵土较高。

The results indicate that the cultivated land was the primary type, the proportion of unused land and secondary saline habitat were much bigger, the proportion of residential and mining land increased quickly, and the conflict between the producing-construction of oilfield and eco-environment conservation was keen-edged in the recent ten years.

研究结果表明：耕地是东营市主要的土地利用类型，面积有所减少；未利用地和次生盐碱地所占比重较大，居民点及工矿用地大幅增加，油田生产建设和生态环境保护矛盾非常突出。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。