土地利用

Based on this and considering: land use has contacts with soil nutrient; the development of ecology and agrology has already formed the inter-dynamic relation in the last few years, the author sprouted a new idea that the study on land use is carried out in another way. That is to say, land use patterns are designed combining land use modes, soil nutrient with other respects and according as landscape ecology in order to land sustainable use.

在此基础之上，并鉴于以下两点：土地利用与土壤养分有着密切的联系；近些年来，生态学和土壤学的发展已经形成了互动的关系，笔者提出一条新的思路：换个角度入手来合理配置土地利用，即将土地利用方式、土壤养分和其它方面结合起来，依据景观生态学原理，通过土地生态设计来寻求土地利用优化模式，保证土地利用的可持续性。

The change of land use degree and information entropy indicated the alterative trend of land use.

根据1991-2001年土地利用详查数据，利用土地利用动态度模型、区域差异模型、土地利用程度模型和信息熵模型，对陕北农牧交错带这一典型地区土地利用的时空变化及变化趋势进行了详尽分析。

The result indicated that (1) During 10 years, the number of unused land and grassplot was decreased, the other types of use land were increased;(2) The absolute index of land structure variation in Aksu area during 10 years was 8, among which the annual change of garden land and traffic land was great, the annual change of grassplot and unused land was small;(3) The relative change of introduced single type of land use indicated that there was significant regional difference in the change of land use in Aksu area.

结果表明：(1)在10年尺度上土地利用总体动态特征是未利用地和牧草地减少，其它土地利用类型增加；(2)10年间阿克苏地区土地结构变化绝对指数为8，其中：园地，交通用地的年变化率较大，牧草地、未利用地的年变化率较小；(3)引入的单一土地利用类型相对变化率，反映出阿克苏地区土地利用变化存在明显区域差异。

With the case study on Wanzhou in the three-gorges reservoir area, it had been studied and analyzed that the potentialities of exploitation and use on land and ecological safety by established land use database, and it had been revealed that serious loss of water and erosion of soil, ecological environment fragility, the water conservancy project submergence a large amount of land, arrannements of the numerous immigrations need a large amount of land, contradictory remarkableness among human and land, and the latent crisis by extensive management land were main crises and questions of the land use.

利用建立的土地利用现状数据库，以三峡库区最大淹没区万州为研究对象，对库区土地开发利用潜力及生态安全性进行了分析和研究。揭示了库区土地资源利用中存在的主要危机是水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱，三峡工程淹没土地多、移民迁建占地比重大、人地矛盾加剧及粗放经营土地带来的安全隐患等问题。

In this paper, as a case of Karamay, we have studied on space-time changement of soil quality in oasis of arid area. We measured quality for different land use types and years in same type by combinativing field sampling for Karamay in Xinjiang and analysis in laboratory, which is directed by former theory of soil quality. Then we did integrated evaluation of soil quality for different land use types, and had drew some conclusions as followed: In four land use types, the soil bulk density of layers(0～15cm) for farmland and tree land is bigger than the other land use types.The organic matter of every layer in manpower Tamarix Bulrush land is bigger; organic matter of Tamarix Bulrush land release efficiency nitrogen which result ration of C/N is higher; total nitrogen of all layers in farmland variety great as being effected by mass use of nitrogen in agriculture; deadwood and defoliation of tree、shrub and bulrush pooled in 5cm layer to result that quick nitrogen is the biggest among all layers. The total salt of nature shrub tree land for every layer being bigger than farmland explain that nature shrub thee land strongly stand salt and farmland for basification in this area; that the nutrient of face layer is bigger than the ground layer may be explained by that vegetation gather nutrient to be stored in deadwood and defoliation.

本文对以克拉玛依为例，对干旱区绿洲土壤质量的时间空间变化进行研究，在有关土壤质量的研究理论指导下，通过田间调查取样和室内分析相结合的方法，对新疆克拉玛依市农业开发区的不同土地利用方式及同一土地利用方式下不同利用年限土样土壤理化性质进行测定，从而对新垦绿洲不同土地利用类型土壤质量进行综合评价，结果如下：四种土地利用方式中，农地、乔木林地表层(0-15cm)土壤容重较大；各土层人工柽柳芦苇地的土壤有机质含量均较大；柽柳芦苇地的有机质在矿化过程中所释放出有效氮，导致柽柳芦苇地的C/N比例较高；受到农业耕作使用大量氮肥的影响，农地各土层全氮含量变异较明显；乔木、灌木及芦苇的枯枝落叶主要集中在5cm范围之内，导致几种土地利用方式类型下该层土壤速效氮最大；天然灌木林地的土壤总盐在各层均较大，其次是农地，说明天然灌木林地的高耐盐能力，以及该区农业生产用地的土壤盐碱化程度较重。

Using the relationship between land ecologic suitability and eco-environmental sensitivity and the result of eco-environmental sensitivity assessment, compartmentalizes 6 land ecologic districts by suitability, and discusses the measures of ecologic exploitation. It realizes the coordination between land-use and ecologic environment building, and provides the scientific eco-basis to the EIA of land use planning.

利用土地生态适宜性与生态环境敏感性的关联关系和生态环境敏感性评价的结果，将安阳市划分为了6个土地生态适宜利用类型区，提出了相应的土地生态开发建议性措施，协调了土地利用与生态环境建设的关系，为规划环评过程中对土地利用方式和空间布局的评价提供了科学的生态适宜性依据。

The land use pattern had changed by a relatively large margin in Neijiang city from 1997 to 2005. The main tendency of this change is that with remarkable reduction of cultivated land that decreased by 9936.11hm~2, unutilized land and water area, while garden land, forest land that increased by 7032.23 hm~2, grass land and building land increased notably. And during the research time, the speed of land use type change reduced from garden land, traffic land, forest land, residential areas and industrial and minings land, cultivated land, unutilized land to water area. The main trend of general dynamic degree changed from progressive increase to degression. From the analyses of land use diversion matrix, we know resulting in the quantity change of land use was that cultivated land being occupied by construction,adjustment in structure of agriculture and the implementation of the national reforesting formerly cultivated land policy in Neijiang city.

结果表明：1997～2005年间，土地利用类型发生较大幅度变化，总体上呈现耕地、未利用地、水域面积显著减小和园地、林地、牧草地、建设用地面积增大的趋势，其中耕地面积减幅最大，达9936.11hm~2，林地增幅最大，达7032.23 hm~2；土地利用类型变化速度依次为园地＞交通用地＞林地＞耕地＞居民点及工矿用地＞未利用地＞水域，其中园地为2.67％，水域为-0.01％，综合土地利用动态度呈现先递增后递减的趋势；从土地利用类型转移矩阵分析得出，建设用地占用耕地、农业结构内部调整、&退耕还林&是导致内江市土地利用类型数量变化的重要原因。

This dissertation tries to probe into the mode of urban land efficient utilization from the point of view of multi-disciplinary incorporating urban economics, urban land geography, theory of sustainable development and urban land ecology etc. with the research of urban land intensified utilization and upbuilds the frame of land utilization efficiency evaluation according to the definition of connotation about urban land utilization efficiency.

本文竭力从多学科的角度分析城市土地高效利用的方式，将城市经济学、城市土地地理学、可持续发展理论以及生态经济理论等运用到土地利用效率的研究中，最后根据所定义土地利用效率的内涵，建立了城市土地利用效率评价的框架。

The regulation showed: land use diversity and combination types of land use were increased from suburb to distant suburb plain and half coteau. The opposition trend was presented on the change of the concentration index of land use. As distant suburb coteau was controlled by the background of mountain, the land use diversity index was minimum and the concentration index was maximum.

北京市土地利用格局的区域差异呈现如下规律：土地利用多样性和土地利用组合类型数由近郊向远郊平原、远郊半山区依次递增；土地利用的集中程度则刚好相反；远郊山区由于受大环境背景山地控制，土地利用多样性在各区中是最小的，而集中程度则是最大的。

According to the models of land use dynamic change, the research on the dynamic change on land use quantity, space structure and land use degree were carried during 1989 and 2001. The results of the research indicated that the area of cultivated land and saline land increased, and the area of meadow, water areas and wetland reduced within 12 years; The variety ratio of cultivated land, meadow, water areas and saline land changed relatively great; and variety ratio of forestland, land used for resident, industrial and mining changed more steady; The land use degree presented a reducible tendency.

研究结果表明，吉林西部在12年内耕地和盐碱地面积增加，草地、水域和湿地面积减少；总体上，耕地、草地、水域和盐碱地的土地利用变化率较大，林地、居民、工矿用地和湿地变化较平稳； 12年间土地利用程度呈减小趋势，全区十个县市中只有白城和扶余的土地利用处于发展期，土地生态环境相对较好，而其他地区由于土地生态环境呈现不同程度的恶化，导致可开发利用的土地资源逐年较少，土地利用潜力小。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。