土地利用

Taking Hunan Province as the object of research and combining qualification and quantification, this paper systematically expatiates the status quo, structure, characters of land use and problems in land use in the province, and establishes a system of evaluation index and an appraisal model, namely comprehensive law of the weighting, to appraise the extent, intensiveness degree and comprehensive benefit of the land use of the province, with a result that the current integral level of land use of Hunan Province has entered a relatively rational stage.

以湖南省为研究对象，采用定性和定量相结合的方法，首先对湖南省土地利用现状结构、特点及土地利用存在的问题进行了较系统地阐述；然后建立评价指标体系及评价模型－加权综合法，从土地开发利用程度、土地利用集约程度以及土地利用综合效益三个方面对湖南省域进行土地利用现状评价，得出评价结果：湖南土地利用现状整体水平已进入了基本合理利用阶段；最后提出土地合理利用的几点建议。

The difference that owned by public system in land with private legal theory makes the property law of our country meet an unprecedented challenge, the national landholding power gathers the civil corpus and the administration corpus as one, the easy to government makes use of behavior to carry on an aggressive intervention to the land with insure the exploitation of land can be kept on, but it is possible that the influence of exorbitant intervention make less efficiency of land exploitation , intervention...

土地公有制与私法理念的差异使我国的物权立法遇到前所未有的挑战，国家土地所有权集民事主体与行政主体于一身，便于政府对土地利用行为进行积极的干预以确保土地的可持续利用，但也可能因为过分的干预而影响土地的利用效率，干预的形式主要应该是对土地规划的严格执行。在社会主义市场经济条件下，与发达国家相比，我国的土地权利体系中缺乏土地下级所有权这样一个中间环节，影响了土地的利用效率。

The results indicated:（1）the combination of the Markov and spatial logistic models can improve the predictability of each model individually. In macroscopic scale, the total land use amount can be predicted via Markov chain; in microscopic scale, the multi-class multinomial logistic model can be used to implement the combined calculations of categorical variable and continuous variable, qualitative variable and quantitative variable to improve the precision of spatial regression. Meanwhile, the transition probability of each land use unit will be confirmed and the prediction of land use spatial distribution will also be completed.（2）the application system developed in accordance with the integrated model can effectively simulate and predict the land use evolution in Shenzhen City, and the prediction precision of verification system will suffice for recent land use monitoring and the making of annual land supply planning.

研究结果：（1）空间Logistic和Markov模型集成可提升单一模型的应用能力，宏观上利用Markov Chain进行土地利用规模总量预测，微观上利用多分类Multinomial Logistic模型解决分类变量与连续变量，定性变量和定量变量的联合解算提高空间回归精度，同时可以确定每一个土地利用单元转移概率，实现土地利用空间分布的预测；（2）基于集成模型开发出的应用系统能够有效仿真和预测深圳市土地利用演化，通过验证系统预测精度能够满足近期土地利用预警和年度土地供应计划编制。

Based on connotation of intensive land use and the evaluation principle of intensive deployment of city land,this paper establishes a set of scientific and practical index system in evaluating the intensive utilization of city land,and conducts a demonstration analysis in 13 cities of Jiangsu Province by the way of multifactor comprehensive evaluation,rank correlation coefficient and cluster analysis.During the last ten years from 1997 to 2006,the urban land use intensity had increased in all cites,but varied in amplitude and mode in different cities.Urban land use intensity was descending sharply from the southern and the middle to the northern part of Jiangsu Province,in which Nanjing was the tiptop and Suqian was the lowest .

从城市土地集约利用的内涵入手，依据城市土地集约利用评价的原则，从土地利用投入水平、土地利用程度、土地利用效率、土地利用生态环境质量等方面构建了一个具有三级层次结构的城市土地集约利用度评价的指标体系，并在此基础上采用多因素综合评价，秩相关系数和聚类分析的方法以江苏省13个地级市为例进行了实证分析，结果表明：（1）1997～2006年，江苏省13城市土地利用集约度都得到了提高，但是提高的幅度和方式不同；（2）不同城市，苏南、苏中和苏北之间城市土地利用集约度呈现出明显的城市和地域差异，其中，省会南京最高，苏北的宿迁最低。

The fact have been proved that we must solve these problems, allocate land reasonable and make intensive utilization of land resource in order to quicken up the citify process and improve the life quality of people. The process of urbanization should be the process of intensified utilization of lands. The phenomenons of extensive exploitation of land, irregular market and the lack of management have already obstructed the reusable source of land and the fast development of the citys economy. Therefore, it has become the urgent affairs to build up the indicator system of measuring the intensive use of urban land and look for a way to carry out.

实践证明，城市化要加快，人们生活质量要提高，就必须解决合理配置、集约利用城市土地资源问题，城市化过程应是土地集约化利用的过程，当前城市发展中出现的土地利用粗放、市场不规范及管理乏力现象，已严重阻碍了城市土地资源的可持续利用及城市经济的快速发展，因而建立衡量城市土地集约化利用的指标体系及寻求实现城市土地集约化利用的途径已成为当务之急。

Land use type is the outcome of duple influence of nature and human activity, which possessing scrambling, relative instability and complexity, and it can be discussed by fractal theory. Application of fractal theory in land use structure involve in the calculation of fractal dimension of land use type, research method and fractal description of change of land use structure, fractal model of region landscape and so on, but fractal mechanism of spatial diversity of land use type is rarely reported.

土地利用类型是一种在自然和人类活动双重作用下的产物，具有不规则、相对不稳定性和复杂性特征，可以利用分形方法进行探讨；分形理论在土地结构研究中的应用涉及土地利用类型分数维的计算、土地利用结构分形研究方法、土地利用结构及其动态变化的分形描述、区域景观结构的分形模型等方面；但土地利用类型的分形机制的空间差异研究少见报道。

Study on the driving forces of land use/cover temporal-spatial change. On the basis of the systematical study on natural and social-ecomic factors including climate, population, technology and affluence status etc. during the past 50 years in this area, the multivariate statistics simulation models of LUCC were developed for two periods of 1950's-1980's and 1986-2000 respectively. Then, the Thiesson polygon method was used to the spatial allocation of soci-economic factors, thereby the spatial relationship between land use degree change and socieconomic factor variation was detected within GIS. Based on the analysis of the integrative characters in different geographical divisions, the electivity index was employed to describe the possible impacts of the natural landscape structure on spatial differentiation of land use transition. At last, correlation analysis between major roads and the distribution of land use change was made.

分析近50年气候资料和人文因子在不同年代的变化特点，系统地研究了气温和降水等自然因子和人口、农牧业发展、经济状况等人文因子对区域土地利用变化的影响；从时间序列的角度分析了50年代至80年代初和80年代中期至2000年两个时段土地利用／土地覆被变化的驱动因子，在相关分析的基础上，分时段建立了区域土地利用／覆被变化的自然-人文影响统计诊断模型；针对不同经济类型区选择典型县，分析近15年土地利用变化外在人文驱动力的区域相似性和差异性；尝试以THIESSEN多边形方法进行社会经济统计数据的空间化处理，探讨了土地利用程度变化与人文因素变化的空间相关关系；以优先指数模型和土地利用类型转化率与距交通干线距离的相关模型分析了景观自然与人文结构对土地利用空间转化过程的影响。

This paper, based on the land utilization change data during 1997 to 2005, applies the information entropy and equilibrium theory to study the temporal-spatial changes in land utilization structure in Lingshui county, with results indicating: a first slow and then a fast rise in information entropy of land utilization structure in Lingshui county and a general trend of rising homogeneity in land utilization structure; the information entropy of land utilization structure ascends from NW to SE, where can be divided into five regions, ecological protected area, resort area, farmland protected area, ecological agricultural construction area and comprehensive industrial developing area; the economic factors and populational structure play a key part in land utilization structure changes via principle componential analysis.

基于陵水县1997-2005年土地利用变更数据，利用信息熵和均衡度的基本原理，对陵水县土地利用结构的时空变化进行实证分析。结果表明：1陵水县1997-2005年土地利用结构信息熵和均衡度呈现先缓慢增长、再加速增长的变化过程，总趋势是土地利用结构的均质性逐渐增强；2）陵水县土地利用结构信息熵从西北向东南逐渐递增，依次可分为生态保育区、风景旅游区，基本农田保护区、生态农业建设区和综合产业发展区5个区域；3）利用主成分分析，经济因素和人口结构对陵水县土地利用结构变化影响重大。

In this paper I analyse the land use current structure of Taiyuan city, study the factors that influence the land use structure to change, forecast its future land use structure applied Markov chain model and grey systematic model and explore its change characteristic and law on the basis of study the basic theories of the land use structure.

本文在土地利用结构变化理论研究的基础上，以太原市土地利用结构为研究对象，通过对太原市土地利用现状结构、空间布局，以及土地利用结构变化的社会经济因素分析，采用马尔柯夫链模型和灰色系统模型对太原市未来土地利用结构进行了动态模拟和预测，探索了太原市土地利用结构变化的特征和规律。

The paper supposed five different land use scenarios, scenario1: most of the land use is forest and grass, scenarios 2: most of the land use is forest, sparsely forest and grassland, scenarios 3: the real land use of the region of interest, scenarios 4: most of the land use is range grass, sparsely forest and grassland, and scenarios 5: most of the land use is range grass.

本文假设了5种不同情景下的土地利用类型，分别设置为5种不同的情景：情景1为林地和草地为主的土地利用类型，情景2为林地、疏林地和草地为主的土地利用类型，情景3为研究区现有土地利用情况，情景4为裸岩、疏林地和草地为主的土地利用类型，情景5为裸岩为主的，少量草地的土地利用类型，其中5种情景类型中的水域量始终保持不变。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。