土地

Now, the notion of management of cities expansively imposed by many large cities in China is in its essence the management of land. Through marketization of land those cities calculate large sum of money with which the infrastructures of the cities are built and maintained.

目前，在我国许多大中城市中广泛推行的"经营城市"理念，其实质就是经营土地，通过土地的市场化来敛财，然后用来修建城市的基础设施。

Expansivity, contraction, rebirth and vanishment events for management of land use data. And it further designed an object-superposition data updating model based on the land use feature of point, line and polygon,which would take the advantage of the GIS overlay function to effectly implement of updating spatial and attribute data .

从面向对象的方法入手，定义了引起土地利用变化的扩展、收缩、新生与消亡四种地理事件，并分别按点状地物、线状地物和面状图斑的土地利用实体特征设计了对象叠加更新模型，从而能利用GIS强大的空间分析能力，来有效地实现空间数据和属性数据的一致性更新。

In the second section, I explicate the historic progress of our land-ownership reform in the New Period, and reveal some problems that exist in the course of it.

论文的第二部分，阐述了新时期我国农村土地制度改革的历史进程，在对其现状的分析的基础上提出了当前我国农村土地制度存在的问题。

As a rule, most States expropriate rural collective-owned land with compensation so as to promote the economic construction.

然而，我国的土地征收制度产生于落后的计划经济时代，根本不能适应市场经济的需要，土地征收中矛盾颇多，而补偿问题业已成为矛盾的焦点。

On the basis of above-mentioned analysis, this part discusses why the government may expropriate the collectivity-owned land.

第四章公共利益的范围：为了哪些利益可征收土地集体的土地可因公共利益的需要而被征收。

Right to contract for management of land ; land expropriate ; compensation

土地承包经营权；土地征收；补偿

It is governments behavior to expropriate the land, the one that have the country is mandatory and it is the nation will that reflects correctly in the passing of title of land.

征收土地是政府行为，具有国家的强制性，是国家意志在土地所有权转移中具体体现。

With the development of economy and the adjustment of industrial structure, more and more land change from farmland to non-farmland. Among all the ways, it is the primary way to expropriate peasant collective-owned land. Since the standard of compensation is made by the government, it can not reflect the scarcity of land.

随着经济发展和产业结构的调整，越来越多的土地从农业用途转变为非农业用途，其中征用农民集体的土地是主要的途径。

Chapter five discussed relationship between setting-up of land development right and reform of land expropriation system in our country.

第五章探讨了土地发展权的设立与我国土地征收制度改革之间的关系。

At present, there are lot of problems in the rural land collection and expropriation.

目前，在对农村土地征收或征用过程中存在着诸多问题，主要原因之一是由于农村土地所有权主体缺位和虚化造成的。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。