土地

In the recent years, land transgressing, control over the purposes of land use executing frailly, cropland decreasing rapidly, land market of urban-town confusing, development zone establishing country-widely, expansion of urban-town construction land breaching planing frequently, the planing re-editing frequently etc, weaken the legal status of the "two planing", expose the antinomy between the two planing.

但近年来，土地违法现象普遍、土地用途管制落实不力、耕地快速减少、城乡土地市场混乱、开发区&遍地开花&、城镇建设用地规模屡屡突破规划限制、规划修编频繁等诸多问题的出现使得&两规&的龙头地位无从体现，规划之间的矛盾突出。

Based on soil desertification between agriculture and husbandry interlace zone in north of Shannxi Province, on the basis of theories of landscape ecology、land resource and principle of soil genesic science, through field surveying data and indoor analyzing, the properties of soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics are systemic analyzed about desertification soil of different vegetation cover rate and type, achieving primary achievements and important evolves are as follows:Ⅰ.

本研究基于当前全球荒漠化危害现状及国内外荒漠化防治中恢复生态学的发展需要，以陕北农牧交错带土地荒漠化问题为研究对象，应用景观生态学理论、土地资源学和土壤发生学的基本原理，在野外考察、资料收集和室内测定分析的基础上，对不同植被盖度和植被类型荒漠化土地的土壤理化性质和生物学性质进行系统分析，取得的主要成果如下： 1。

From 1985 to 2000, woodland, grassland, industrial and residential land tended to be more inerratic and stable, whereas cropland and water area more complex and unstable. Unused land remained unchanged. During this period, the land use structure of Suzhou was unsteady, and its form became more complex.

从1985年至2000年，林地、草地以及居住与工矿用地趋于规则、稳定；耕地、水域用地趋于复杂、不稳定；未利用土地没有变化；苏州市土地利用结构不够稳定，土地利用形态趋于复杂化。

Faced with severe situation, it is inevasible to tighten control over land utilization, where we should investigate rational use and make related policy.

面临这种严峻的形势，进行土地合理利用研究，制定合理的土地利用政策，已成为提高土地利用管理的必然要求。

The geology-economy evaluation of urban land is a new concept which is put forward on the basis of the inharmonic contradictionbetween land use and geologic environment and problems neglecting thefactors of geological environment in working out land prices.

城市土地地质经济评价是根据城市建设中存在着土地利用与地质环境不协调的矛盾，以及制定土地价格时忽略地质环境因素而提出的新概念。

The geology-economy evaluation of urban land is a new concept which is put forward on the basis of the inharmonic contradictionbetween land use and geologic environment and problems neglecting thefactors of geological environment in working out land prices.

王建瑞 赵占元河北地质学院，石家庄 050031）摘要：城市土地地质经济评价是根据城市建设中存在着土地利用与地质环境不协调的矛盾，以及制定土地价格时忽略地质环境因素而提出的新概念。

Band differencing is feasible in water and irrigable field, but it couldnt monitor the changes of whole land use and its precision is the lowest. For the mufti-temporal composite method, it is difficult to choose the exact regions for change detection. Based on the previous accurate classification result, the post classification comparison method gets the best result compared with the other two methods, but also with the hand-on mistakes.

图像差值法对河流水面和水浇地的监测效果比较好，但对所有地类监测结果不令人满意，精度较低；多时相波段复合分类法中，变化土地类型训练区的确定较困难；分类后比较法是在前面土地信息准确提取的基础上进行的分析，精度较高，监测结果图也一目了然，是土地利用动态监测的一种有效方法，但它是在自动识别分类基础上进行的比较，传递了分类产生的误差。

Land cover of Shanxi Province had been monitored from 1980s to 2005.Based on remote sensing and GIS technique, analysis on spatial\|temporal characteristics of land cover change and driving factors was implemented.Results show that:(1)Changing area: Area of industrial and transportation land、rural settlement and a spot of grass land is increasing, on the other side, area of dry land, irrigable land, a spot forest land and bottom land etc is decreasing.

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑，对山西省20世纪80年代到2005年的土地覆盖进行了动态监测，并分析了土地覆盖的变化特征及其驱动因子；监测表明，山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征：(1)变化数量：城镇建设用地和农村聚落面积增加显著，草地有所增加；旱地和水浇地减少明显，森林和河湖滩地略有减少。

The results showed that there were significant differences among parameters of texture feature of the different land utilization. In the desertification, the mean and variance were comparatively high. The gray level was asymmetry, the contrasts between neighboring pixels were significant; while in water and irrigable land, the mean, variance was a little bit low, the grey level was symmetry; the mean, variance and gray level in the forest and dry land was between the above (desertification and water and irrigable land).

不同土地利用类型之间纹理特征参数差异明显，荒漠化土地的均值、方差值较高，灰度分布不均匀，相邻像元反差明显，内部变化剧烈；水体和灌溉耕地的均值、方差值很低，灰度值均匀，内部变化小；林地和旱耕地信息介于上述两类土地之间。

However, with regard to recent legislations of China, due to backgrounds of legislating, the theories and research about land expropriation which are not complete and irruptive, there are many problems exist in our country's land expropriation legislations.

但是，就我国现有的相关立法来看，由于受其制定法律的背景的限制，以及我国对于土地征收制度相关理论的认识不够全面，再加之对土地征收制度本身的探讨也不深入，使得我国土地征收立法存在诸多的问题。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。