土地

To Fuzhou in May auction prices of three plots as an example, in the May 18 state-owned land held in Fuzhou City public auction activities, industrial canning factory in Fuzhou Road, North block of land on the auction Industrial Road, once again set a new land auction site of the highest prices, as high as 3.93 million yuan per mu of land, building land prices reached 2362 yuan per square meter; another site on the north side of Gold Mountain Style Center of the acquisition of reserve land per mu of land has reached 2,550,000 floor land nearly 1,200 yuan per square meter.

福州5月在拍卖价格的三个地块作为一个例子，在5月18日国有土地福州市举行的公开拍卖活动，工业罐头厂的福州路，北块土地的拍卖工业大道再次创造了新的土地拍卖网站的最高价格，高达三百九十三点〇〇万元每亩土地，建设土地价格达到2362元每平方米；另一个网站，北边的金山文体中心的收购储备每亩土地的土地已达到二百五十五点零零零万楼土地近1200元每平方米。

The second chapter describes the formation of the pool of state controlled lands and the establishment of land market. The third chapter analyzes the government policies regarding land sale from the Independence to 1850s and the federal government"s diversified land distribution polices in the latter half of the 19th century. In the Forth chapter, the author assesses how American government" s land policies assisted the development of agriculture, communications and transportation, western urbanization and the formation of a national market. Chapter Fivediscusses the controversial issues of the land speculation and The Homestead Law, which affected the governments land policies.

全文分五章：第一章简要介绍美国土地问题的研究概况；第二章描述了美国建国以后国有土地的形成和国有土地市场的建立；第三章分析了美国建国后至十九世纪中期联邦政府以销售为主的土地政策，以及十九世纪后半期联邦政府多元化的土地分配政策；第四章从农业、交通运输业、西部城市化、国内统一市场四个方面入手，分析了土地政策对西部开发的推动作用；第五章对与土地政策密切相关的、学术界争论较大的土地投机问题和《宅地法》进行了简评。

Taking Hunan Province as the object of research and combining qualification and quantification, this paper systematically expatiates the status quo, structure, characters of land use and problems in land use in the province, and establishes a system of evaluation index and an appraisal model, namely comprehensive law of the weighting, to appraise the extent, intensiveness degree and comprehensive benefit of the land use of the province, with a result that the current integral level of land use of Hunan Province has entered a relatively rational stage.

以湖南省为研究对象，采用定性和定量相结合的方法，首先对湖南省土地利用现状结构、特点及土地利用存在的问题进行了较系统地阐述；然后建立评价指标体系及评价模型－加权综合法，从土地开发利用程度、土地利用集约程度以及土地利用综合效益三个方面对湖南省域进行土地利用现状评价，得出评价结果：湖南土地利用现状整体水平已进入了基本合理利用阶段；最后提出土地合理利用的几点建议。

To achieve the full use of land resource and meet the need for socialist economy, the paid land employment system, a new concept of the state-owned land employment has been founded after the reform and opening up of China, which allows private people, by paying land remise fund, to get the using right of the land and to build and also keep the buildings on the land, which formed the duality right system of land ownership and land employment right.

改革开放后，为实现土地资源的充分利用，适应发展社会主义市场经济的需要，国有土地实行有偿使用制度，创立了国有土地使用权的概念，允许私人以交纳土地出让金的形式取得土地使用权，在土地上建造并保有建筑物，形成土地所有与土地使用的二元权利体系。

In addition, such as control of land supply, control land mortgage loans, overdue development will revert to the land use rights, land market order rectification measures are directed at the land market weakness, particularly in the past through the edge acts under the land of the unit circle, the recovery of development rights, and strictly control land transactions loans of these measures to rectify the land market would be tantamount to an ultimatum.

此外，如控制土地供应，控制土地抵押贷款，逾期将再向发展的土地使用权，土地市场秩序整改措施是针对土地市场疲软，特别是在过去通过边缘行为根据土地的单位圆，收回开发权，严格控制土地交易贷款这些措施，纠正土地市场就等于最后通牒。

In this thesis, the digitization, informationization, modelization and videotex of research on ecological environment security were achieved by using RS-GIS-EIS integrated technology.

论文的创新和特色在于，首次提出土地生态环境安全的概念，将生态安全研究的理论与方法引入土地生态环境安全研究中，并在这些理论和方法的指导下进行了吉林西部土地生态环境安全的研究；首次在吉林西部地区进行了土地生态环境敏感性评价，从土壤退化和土地盐碱化敏感性评价反映了吉林西部土地生态环境不安全的潜在危机；构建了土地生态环境安全评价的压力-状态-响应指标体系，该体系既体现了指标总体上的因果关系，又渗透了生态环境与经济的可持续发展；在土地生态环境安全评价过程中，本文提出用栅格点状评价单元和行政区面状评价单元结合的方法进行土地生态环境安全评价，使评价结果和分区更加精确；首次进行生态安全预警的研究。

Taking Changling County, Zhenlai County and Da'an City of Jilin Province as researchareas, based on remote sensing data, graphics operation and spatial analysis are carried out indifferent points of views, including temporal, spatial, scale and landscapeetc; all aspects analysis of this dissertation are abstractively expressed by digital graphics andseries of curves which are not stick to one pattern to discussing multi-dimension andcomplicated attributes of the salinized process. Linking up temporal-spatial characteristicswith landscape indices while combining mathematics model and Geo-informatic TUPUmodel, this dissertation puts forward the fundamental frame: temporal-spatial evolvementpattern, spatial extension process analysis and landscape characteristics analysis of salinizedland. Temporal-spatial evolvement pattern analysis extracts the essential quantity features andtransformation modes of salinized land, and also analyzes patches spatial geometricalparameters scale feature; spatial extending process analysis discusses the change rate andecological modes; landscape feature analysis utilizes landscape graphics indices to describesalinized land microcosmic graphics features and changes.

信息图谱模型为土地盐碱化研究提供了一种谱系化、定量化与定位化相结合的研究方法，本文选取吉林省西部盐碱化典型区域长岭县、镇赉县、大安市作为研究区，以遥感影像为基础数据，在GIS技术支持下，从时空变化、尺度效应、景观特征等多个角度对盐碱化土地进行图形运算、空间分析，通过不拘一格的数字化图形、曲线系列抽象表达出不同维度上的特征与规律，探讨土地盐碱化过程的多维性与复杂性，将盐碱化土地时空特征与景观特征衔接、数学模型与图谱模型结合，以盐碱化土地时空演变基本模式、空间扩展过程和景观特征分析为框架构建盐碱化土地信息图谱模型研究体系，发挥图谱模型数据挖掘、知识发现的特长，将宏观动态变化与微观特征相联系，进一步挖掘土地盐碱化过程与人类活动影响的关系，为探索研究区盐碱化土地成因、过程，预测其未来发展变化趋势及其对环境影响提供相关科学依据。

Study on the driving forces of land use/cover temporal-spatial change. On the basis of the systematical study on natural and social-ecomic factors including climate, population, technology and affluence status etc. during the past 50 years in this area, the multivariate statistics simulation models of LUCC were developed for two periods of 1950's-1980's and 1986-2000 respectively. Then, the Thiesson polygon method was used to the spatial allocation of soci-economic factors, thereby the spatial relationship between land use degree change and socieconomic factor variation was detected within GIS. Based on the analysis of the integrative characters in different geographical divisions, the electivity index was employed to describe the possible impacts of the natural landscape structure on spatial differentiation of land use transition. At last, correlation analysis between major roads and the distribution of land use change was made.

分析近50年气候资料和人文因子在不同年代的变化特点，系统地研究了气温和降水等自然因子和人口、农牧业发展、经济状况等人文因子对区域土地利用变化的影响；从时间序列的角度分析了50年代至80年代初和80年代中期至2000年两个时段土地利用／土地覆被变化的驱动因子，在相关分析的基础上，分时段建立了区域土地利用／覆被变化的自然-人文影响统计诊断模型；针对不同经济类型区选择典型县，分析近15年土地利用变化外在人文驱动力的区域相似性和差异性；尝试以THIESSEN多边形方法进行社会经济统计数据的空间化处理，探讨了土地利用程度变化与人文因素变化的空间相关关系；以优先指数模型和土地利用类型转化率与距交通干线距离的相关模型分析了景观自然与人文结构对土地利用空间转化过程的影响。

As the in-depth development of the socialist market economy and the advance of urbanization,house- hold contract responsibility system of land is lagging behind the situation of economic development in some rural areas;land transfer is gradually developing in the whole country,however,there are also some contra- dictions and problems;Land shareholding system is a modem system of land which is suited to the demand of China's socialist market economic development

土地股份制；农村土地制度；土地流转；随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展和城市化的推进，土地家庭承包责任制在部分地区已跟不上农村经济发展的形势；土地流转这一土地制度改革的新形式逐渐在全国发展起来，但也出现了一些矛盾和问题；土地股份制是适应我国社会主义市场经济发展要求的现代土地制度。

Subsequently, in June 2003, Tianjin has formulated and implemented a "compensation for the use of state-owned land in Tianjin methods" to determine the establishment of Tianjin Land Consolidation Center as the city's land acquisition, reserves the sole body to determine the establishment of land in Tianjin Trading Center as the city only the land market and land transactions in the specialized agencies, thereby ensuring the land market of government monopolies and centralized and unified management of the city's land.

随后，在2003年6月，天津已制定并实施了&有偿使用国有土地在天津方法&，以确定建立天津土地整理中心作为城市的土地收购，储备的唯一机构，以确定建立在天津土地交易中心作为唯一的城市土地市场和土地交易专门机构，从而保证了土地市场的政府垄断和集中统一管理城市的土地。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。