土体

These issues mainly include simulation offlexible soil container, selection of dynamic constitution model of soil, simulation of the changing-status non-linearity on soil-structure interface, meshing, treatment of reinforcements in structure,using of symmetry principle and so on.

按照本文的建模原则和计算方法，对土-桩基-结构相互作用体系振动台试验进行三维有限元计算分析，计算中土体采用等效线性模型，利用面-面接触单元考虑土体与结构交界面的状态非线性。

It was shown that the great variation of effective unit weight and angle of internal friction of soil could result in the increase of seepage failure probability of earth dams, the effect of variation of angle of internal friction of soil was greater, and the seepage failure probability of earth dams was sensitive to variability of dam seepage. In addition, the increase of water level in reservoir would also induce great increase of seepage failure probability of earth dams.

结果分析表明，坝体渗透破坏的概率随着土体有效重度和内摩擦角变异性的增加而增加，并且土体内摩擦角的变异性对坝体渗透破坏的影响较大，坝体渗透变异性对坝体渗透破坏的影响较大；另外，随着库水位的升高，坝体发生渗透破坏的概率也显著增加。

According to the mechanical analysis of the umbrella-shape anchor, it was shown that the bearing capacity depended on the weight of soil seized by the anchor head and the shear strength along the interface between seized and unseized soils.

结合有限元模拟，明确了伞状锚的抗拔力主要由锚头兜住的土体质量以及兜住与未兜住土体之间的抗剪强度提供。

The stress field of soils will change and bottom of foundation pit will upheave with excavation unloading.

中文摘要：基坑开挖时的卸荷，使土体应力场发生变化，引起坑底土体向上隆起。

Considering the space and time effect of part divided in excavating above the Metro tunnel, the time of soil excavating and the bottom exposed should be less when space effect is inconspicuous, it is good for reducing upheave.

2考虑轨道正上方土体分段开挖的时空综合效应，对土体的开挖应该在保证空间效应变化不大的情况下尽量缩短开挖及坑底暴露时间，有利于减少基坑变形及基坑下方隧道的纵向变形。

And loess mass structures are divided into four types as homogeneous, stratified, columnar, blocky and cloddy pulverescent structures based on the sedimentation characteristics of loess, features of structural planes and range of engineering loess mass.

依据黄土的沉积特点、结构面的特征和工程黄土体的范围将黄土体结构分为均质结构、层状结构、柱状结构、块裂结构和碎裂结构。

However, if inextensible horizontal reinforcing elements are placed within the soil mass, as shown in Figure 1b, these reinforcements will prevent lateral strain because of friction between the reinforcing elements and the soil, and the behavior will be as if a lateral restraining force or load had been imposed on the element.

然而，如果在土体中加入无伸展性的横向加固元素，如图1b 所示，这些加固物会由于加固元素与土体间的摩擦作用而防止横向应变的发生，其性能就如同在加固元素上施加横向约束力或荷载。

The entrapped air is not continuous with each other or the external atmosphere; thus the water flow is encumbered and the permeability is decreased; so as to result in nonnegligible influence on infiltration.

封闭气泡的存在阻碍了水相的流动，使土体的渗透性能降低，从而对土体的入渗速率产生不可忽视的影响。

The comparison shows that the presented algorithms are capable of the numerically implementing of complicated constitutive model; and the modified ALPHA model, which overcomes the deficiencies of modified Cam-Clay model, such as predicting higher peak strength for over consolidated clay and assuming elastic deformation inside the initial yield surface, can depict the nonlinear and nonrecoverable deformation before yielding. Through varying model parameters, more complicated deformation behaviors can be simulated by the modified model.

改进的本构模型克服了修正剑桥模型预测的超固结土峰值强度过高、初始屈服面内假定为弹性变形等缺点，能够较好地描述土体初始屈服面内的的非线性和不可恢复性变形特征；通过变化模型参数，可模拟变形特性较为复杂的土体。

As more and more underground projects are constructed, the surrounding soil is unavoidable to be disturbed, then it results in the reconsolidation settlement of the disturbed soil.

地下工程活动日益频繁，规模也不断加大，对周围土体的扰动是不可避免的，由此带来的结果是土体的变形和位移，而再固结沉降就是其中一个重要部分。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。