土体

Analyzed on the tunnels that used EPB method in different soils, the more logical three-dimensional finite element model is based, which can reality represented the soil transfiguration. 3 Due to the engineering example, a 3D FEM simulation model was founded. The model was used to study the rules of soil deformation and surface settlement during shield tunneling. 4 The characteristics of loess include the module, conglutination force and inner friction angle of the loess, affected the soil deformation. 5 The influence factors to the surface settlements such as the depth of soil, the outer diameter of the shield tunnel, the released stress at the cutting face, the fill ratio of the shield tail void, pouring-slurry press, thrusts and lengths of shield and digging steps were studied using the FEM method. References is brought forward in the loess areas of Xi'an was proposed.

通过对不同土质条件下盾构法进行地铁隧道施工的有限元分析，全面反映盾构推进对土体变形的影响情况； 3根据有关勘测资料，建立合理的盾构法施工三维非线性有限元模型，对盾构法施工引起的地层变位和地表位移情况进行计算，分析了盾构施工引起的地层变形规律和地面沉降规律； 4研究了黄土特性(地基模量、粘聚力和内摩擦角)对盾构法施工中土体变形的影响； 5利用三维有限元对盾构施工过程中影响地面沉降的因素(覆土厚度、隧道外径、开挖面压力变化量、注浆压力、盾尾空隙填充率、开挖步长、盾构机的长度和推进力等)进行研究，为今后西安地区地铁的建设提供参考。

A fuzzy comprehensive clustering method has been established by combining the principle of maximal matrix element of the fuzzy clustering with the comprehensive judgment in fuzzy decision.

将模糊聚类最大矩阵元原理与模糊决策中的综合评判法相结合，建立了模糊综合聚类法，对地下土体污染程度进行最优评判，并且对污染因子进行分类，为治理土体污染提供了依据。

The study on the attenuation law with statistic analysis and dimension analysis reveals that the attenuation index, closely relative to the properties of soil mass, can be expressed as a third order polynomial of vibrating frequency f.

用统计分析和量纲分析的方法研究了强夯振动的衰减规律，发现强夯振动衰减指数与场地岩土体的性质密切相关，可表示为振动频率的三次多项式的形式，为强夯振动的频域分析以及利用强夯振动研究岩土体的性质奠定了基础。

The results show that the hydraulic fracturing pressure is intimately related with tensile strength and tridimensional stress state of the soil. With the increase of tensile strength and minor principal stress, the fracturing pressure is enhanced.

土体发生水力劈裂时的劈裂压力与土的抗拉强度和土体所处的应力状态之间有着密切的关系，劈裂压力随着土的抗拉强度和小主应力的增加而增加。

Circular and catenary always represent the shapes of minor principal stress soil arch between two parallel walls, but which shape should be used in the calculation of active earth pressure on two parallel walls remains disputed. Considering fully developed wall friction or partially developed wall friction, circular and catenary, the two shapes of minor principal stress soil arch between two parallel walls are theoretically analyzed. According to the shapes of soil arch, the coefficients of earth pressure corresponding to different angle of internal friction and that of wall friction are obtained, and the formula of active earth pressure on two parallel walls is derived.

鉴于计算平行墙间侧土压力时关于土体小主应力拱形的选择尚存在争议，考虑墙土摩擦角充分发挥和部分发挥两种情况，对平行墙间土体小主应力圆弧拱和悬链线拱分别进行了分析，得到了对应于不同内摩擦角和墙土摩擦角的侧上压力系数，以及平行墙间侧上压力的理论公式。

In order to cancel the noise in TDR signal and retain the faint reflectometry signal made by deformation of rock and soil, it is proposed to use method integrated filtering and noise canceling based on wavelet transform with characteristic of TDR signal.

为去除TDR法岩土体变形监测信号中因多种原因而产生的噪声，同时最大限度地保留岩土体因变形而导致的微弱反射信号，提出结合小波函数和TDR监测信号特点的滤波与去噪方法。

In view of poor researches on stress characteristics of soil and lining in the loess highway tunnel, the paper analyses the performances of stress and deformation of soil and lining structure, the process of runnel construction, and water infiltration influences, and makes field observation of stress features of lining structure and theory research of surrounding rock pressure.

鉴于黄土公路隧道土体及衬砌力学特性研究不足的状况，论文针对黄土公路隧道工程进行了土体和衬砌结构受力与变形性状分析、隧道施工过程和浸水影响数值分析、衬砌结构力学特性现场测试和围岩压力理论研究。

The shearing strength is one of the main indexes of rock mass.

土体的抗剪强度是土体的主要强度指标之一。

Shearing strength is one of the main indexes of soil.

土体的抗剪强度是土体的主要强度指标之一。

By application of three—dimensional failure modes to excavation engineerings, designing methods of sheet pile with anchor slabs and I—steel piles with lining planks are proposed respectively; by combination energy safety factor with three—dimensional failure mode, the designing methods about retaining piles supporting pit slopes、pit slopes reinforced by anchor—nail compouding system and slurry trench excavation for construction of diaphragm also are given out.

本文把主、被动状态下土体的三维破坏模式应用于基坑支护工程中，分别提出了锚碇式板桩墙和工字钢桩衬板墙的设计方法；把主动状态下土体的三维破坏模式和能量安全系数法结合在一起，也分别提出了护坡桩支护基坑边坡、强锚弱钉加固基坑边坡和地下连续墙施工中的泥浆槽壁等的设计方法。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失