土体

However, frost heave and thawing settlement exert bad influence on surroundings so that the method is not adopted in projects which need high environment protection requirement.

但冻结引起的土体冻胀融沉对环境产生了负面影响，制约了冻结法在对环境要求高的地方的应用。

The conclusion provides the theoretical basis for applying appropriate restraining pressure to preventing frost heave in engineering field.

并不需要约束压力大到接近或等于&中断压力&的程度，而可以通过加筋或选择适当的结构形式提供约束压力使冻胀的土体向融土区的方向压缩，利用融土的压缩量抵消部分冻胀量，即可在约束压力较小的条件下，使建筑物发生的冻胀位移大大减小。

Which has opened out the basic laws of the interaction among the temperature, moisture, stress and displacement, and their effects on frost heave and thawing settlement.

利用自制的人工冻土冻融试验装置进行模拟试验，完成了开敞与封闭系统下人工冻土的冻结和融化过程模拟，获得了人工冻结土体的温度场、位移场、及应力场变化规律；在总结国内外学者理论研究成果的基础上。

The coupling fields are analyzed with FEM method. The laws of frost heave and thawing settlement from this analysis are consistent with that from model simulation, which has proved that the analysis is correct.

建立了人工冻结土体冻结温度场、水分场、应力场及位移场的耦合数学模型，揭示了温度、水分、应力、位移相互作用的基本规律及其对冻胀融沉的影响；利用有限元方法进行了耦合场的分析，获得的冻胀融沉规律和实际结果具有完全相同的规律，证明了分析方法的正确性。

The factor of safety increases greatly with the increase of the length of nail.

土钉支护大大增加了墙后土体的自稳能力，改变土钉的长度，能显著改变支护结构的安全系数。

It is suggested that policy should be on the basis of minimum irrigation, soil mulching and straw and manure utilization, and the leading one of its measures should be to use high-salined groundwater as an accompaniment of river water, by the integration of the power-pumped-Yellow-River irrigation system and well-water irrigation system, to lower the watertable and reduce the irrigation cost. Thus the dynamic balance of salts, as well as the prevention and reclamation of salinization, will have been kept through the management of water and soil organic matter.

在此基础上结合国内外盐渍化防治及盐渍土改良利用方面的发展趋势，笔者提出应该以水盐平衡理论为指导，以节水灌溉为前提，以地面覆盖和土壤培肥为基础，以井排系统与引黄灌水系统并网，井渠混灌，降低地下水位为突破口，通过对水分和肥力的调控和管理达到对盐分的调控和管理，使盐分在土体或灌区实现动态平衡，从而达到土壤盐渍化的预防和治理。

In the cylindrical coordinates, the related basic formula and solve method of the equivalent boundary element method were established and derived, and a new contact element was introduced to model the hybrid of structure and soil.

同时建立并推导了在柱体坐标系下插入式大圆柱壳墩式结构的等效边界元数值分析的相关基本方程和求解方法，并提出了一种新的接触面单元以模拟结构和土体间不同材料的耦合关系。

The theories proposed by Wilson (1994) were adopted to describe the fundamental behaviors of temperature and variation of suction of soil. The Darcy's law and Pick's law described the flows and evaporation of water respectively. Some proposed assumptions including the characteristic curve of volumetric water content and hydraulic conductivity were only related to the suction of unsaturated soil. The coefficient of latent heat for water was a linear function of temperature; and the heat conductivity was calculated according to the equation proposed by De Vries.

对于土体的温度和吸力变化特征，采用Wilson提出的理论加以描述，在此理论中，分别利用Darcy和Fick定律描述水和蒸汽的流动规律，土水特征曲线和水力传导系数假定仅仅相关于非饱和土吸力，水的潜热系数是温度的线性函数，温度传导系数采用De Vries建议方程加以计算。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。