土体

The test result has been described and the causes of differential subsidence on the bottom of test pit have been analyzed from two aspects (deformation of loess collapse and slip and subside of wet soil mass along fracture). On this basis, the article summarized that Surface water and ground fracture in the activities is to promote mutual interaction.

通过对试验的几种不同沉降关系曲线和试坑沉降变形等值线图的描述，文章从可能引起试坑产生不均匀沉降变形的两个方面(黄土湿陷变形、浸湿土体沿裂缝滑移下陷)作了探讨，得出地表水与地裂缝的活动是相互促进相互影响的关系。

Based on a thorough investigation of the engineering geological condition for the reservoir region of the Huizhou Pumped Storage Power Station, the in-situ trial pit water injection test, boring water injection test, and water pressure test were performed to study the permeability of rock and soil mass.

摘要在对惠州抽水蓄能电站库区工程地质条件进行详细调查的基础上，采用现场试坑注水和钻孔注水、压水试验等方法了解岩土体的透水性。

The test has been done to simulate the movement of ground fracture after surface water soaking in. The test result has been described and the causes of differential subsidence on the bottom of test pit have been analyzed from two aspects (deformation of loess collapse and slip and subside of wet soil mass along fracture).

通过对试验的几种不同沉降关系曲线和试坑沉降变形等值线图的描述，文章从可能引起试坑产生不均匀沉降变形的两个方面黄土湿(来源：ABC论4c文网www.abclunwen.com陷变形、浸湿土体沿裂缝滑移下陷作了探讨，得出地表水与地裂缝的活动是相互促进相互影响的关系。

A study was made on the stress-strain behavior of soils at small strains.

研究土体在小应变条件下的应力应变关系特征。

Combining the unloading arch theory and parallel walls theory, the paper analyzes stress state of the soil inside the arch and presents a formula in order to calculate the soil stress on the holding sheet.

本文结合卸荷拱理论和平行墙理论，对卸荷拱内土体应力状态进行了分析，推导出可用于挡板土压力的计算公式。

The stress and stain of soil slope are determined by solving the coupling elasto-plastic equilibrium equations with seepage force taken into account, and the analysis method is applied to the computational example of slope caused by rainfall in the paper.

由算例分析得知，利用非饱和渗流耦合应力的弹塑性来分析非饱和渗流而引起的土体滑坡的变形和发展是可行的，并值得完善和发展。

According to the data of test and the theories of the reinforced earth, we have researched deeply on the shear strength of the reinforced soil using cement strengthened method.

按规范要求选择合适的加载速率，来模拟土体的实际受力情况。

Changing formula forms of single-shear, twin-shear and three-shear yield strength criteria, show that many of yield strength criteria of rock and soil materials can be expressed by the τ8 = gf function forms unter the ordinary condition, and that the main differ ences of yield strength value will mainly forcus on the different function forms of gθσ among single-shear, twin-shear and three-shear yield strength criteria.

对岩土体常用的单剪屈服强度准则、双剪屈服强度准则和三剪屈服强度准则进行了系统的论述，通过对单剪、双剪和三剪屈服强度准则进行转化，指出岩土的屈服强度准则一般可表达为τ8=gf的函数形式，阐明了单剪、双剪和三剪屈服强度准则的差异主要表现在g函数的不同，并进一步解释了中间主应力σ2对岩土类材料屈服强度的影响。

In studies of interaction among pile, platform that above it and surrounding soil, this paper employ the concept of plate element to simulate the loading character of platform, and employ the concept of solid element to simulate the character of pile and soil, using the finite element method after understanding the geometry properties of pile, soil and the platform. Analyzing the loading properties of the three entities above and their deformation, this paper also employ a special element, Penalty Element. The introduction of penalty element of this kind has served to guarantee the join harmony of displacement between solid element and plate element, thereby effectively resolving the join problem between platforms, pile that support it and surrounding soil.Considering significant property difference between pile material and its surrounding soil, there may be much shear stress on their contact interface produced under vertical load, thus causing displacement or fission. Therefore it is necessary to adopt one special constitutive law of this kind of contact interface, which can reflect its feature of loading and deformation thoroughly. On the basis of the deformation feature and constitutive laws of some contact interface obtained by Zhang Dongji and people concerned through some single-shear experiments on contact interface between structure and soil, this paper employ one pile-soil three-dimensional constant thickness contact interface model to simulate the " slide" taken place on the interface between pile and its surrounding soil. With this kind model, this paper has also created one finite element model, which can be applied to perform finite element calculation and analyze the pile-loading feature, and deduced its element stiffness matrix.

在承台-桩-土共同作用中，考虑桩与承台的几何特性，采用有限元方法，用实体单元模拟桩土，用板单元模拟承台，更具体地分析桩和承台的受力特性和变形，而且还采用罚单元—既实体单元与板单元之间连接必须满足变形协调条件，来有效地解决了承台与桩土的连接问题，且在桩土共同作用中，由于桩体结构的材料性能与周围土层性质相差较大，在竖向荷载下有可能在其接触面上产生较大的剪应力从而导致错动或开裂，因此，为了充分反映桩土接触面上的受力及变形特征，应采用一种桩土接触面特有的本构关系，即利用张冬霁等人关于结构与土体接触面单剪试验所得到的接触面变形特征及其本构关系，引入桩-土三维等厚度接触单元来模拟桩与桩侧土之间的&滑移&，在此基础上建立可用于桩基承载性状分析的有限元计算单元模型，并推导出了各单元的刚度矩阵。

Comparison results show that heat pipe work is not continuous but fluctuant in one work cycle about five months,its actual working time is two-thirds of one work cycle,the cooling effect of heat pipe subgrade in winter is obvious,which is good for the contained cool increase of soil body and improves subgrade heat stabilization,there is a decrease for its cooling strength with the increase of horizontal distance,its effective operating radius is 2.25 m,its maximum cooling strength is in evaporation segment in depth direction,which low the thaw sensitivity of permafrost in the seasonal thaw layer about permafrost table.

研究发现，热棒在约为5个月的工作周期内并非连续工作而呈波动式，实际工作时间为工作周期的2/3；热棒路基冬季降温效果明显，有利于路基土体冷储量增加，提高路基热稳定性；热棒在路基中的降温强度，水平方向随距离增大而衰减，有效作用半径为2.25 m，深度方向在热棒蒸发段最大，降低上限附近季节融化层冻土热融敏感性。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。