土体

Firstly, In view of geological fracture mechanics theory, the author analogizes the features of soil deformation and quantitatively analyzes the diffusing characters of cement grout and its controlling conditions, and make a thorough analysis of the soil working mechanism in the pile bottom from the sides of the Q-S curves , the distribution characters of axial load in pile body, the contribution made by the percentage of cements injected into soils and etc.

首先，运用地质断裂力学的研究手段和研究成果来类比土体的变形特征，定性分析浆液的扩散特征及其影响条件，并从Q～s曲线、桩身轴力分布特征、水泥浆液掺入百分比对土体强度的贡献等方面对复合地基后注浆土体工作机理作了较详细的分析。

Results show that adding obligating width of soil can reduce level distortion of diaphragm walls evidently, but the effect of reducing the level distortion of diaphragm walls will be unconspicuous when the obligating width of soil is increased to definite value.

计算结果表明，增大预留土体坡肩宽度对减小地下连续墙的水平变形有一定的效果，但是随着预留土体坡肩宽度增大到一定值时，再继续增大预留土体坡肩宽度对减小地下连续墙水平变形的效果就不明显。

Down pull effects during settlement result in the loads acting on top of projecting conduit are larger than the self weight of the soil above the conduit. On the other hand, for ditch conduits, the pressures on them are smaller than the self weight of the soil above them.

埋管受力与结构及其两侧土体的刚度有很大关系，上埋式管道，其两侧覆土变形相对大于管顶覆土，沉降中产生向下的拖曳效应，致使管顶受到相对其上土体自重更大的荷载，而沟埋式管道则与此相反，管顶受荷小于其上土体自重。

This paper researches into the development process of dynamics of rock and soil mass in the view of science phylogeny supported by hundreds of relative bibliographies drawing the systematic frame of dynamics of rock and soil mass.

本文从科学发展史的角度研究了岩土体动力学的发展过程，通过数百篇文献的搜集和综述，从不同的侧面反映了岩土体动力学的研究历史和现状，勾画了岩土体动力学理论研究和工程应用的体系框架。

In order to analyzes the soil deformation mechanism under the impact load of the step-bit, the finite element model of impact and displacement drilling with down the hole hammer is established on the basis of adopting Drucker-Pager yield criterion, taking soil as DP materials and simulating the drilling process by applying the impact load on soils.

为了分析阶梯钻头冲击挤密作用下土体的变形机理，将土体视为DP材料，服从Drucker-Prager屈服准则，通过钻具与土体之间的接触以及施加冲击载荷来模拟钻进过程，建立了潜孔锤冲击挤密钻进的有限元模型。

However, the release of ABAQUS currently absents NHRI constitutive model, which has been widely used to simulate the stress-strain behavior of soil in geo-engineering.

标准ABAQUS程序中包含一些材料的通用本构模型，但土体具有弹塑性及剪胀性等特性，因而有必要在ABAQUS中开发出适应土体的本构模型，南水模型则可以很好地反映土体剪胀等特性。

According to the mechanical analysis of the umbrella-shaped anchor, it is pointed out that the bearing capacity depends on the weight of soil pole wrapped by the anchor head and the shear strength along the interface of soil pole. Therefore the ultimate bearing capacity estimation formula of the umbrella-shaped anchor can be presented, which establishes the foundation for the engineering application of umbrella-shaped anchors.

通过对其受力机理的研究，指出伞状锚主要依靠锚头兜住的土体重量以及兜住土体与未兜住土体之间的抗剪强度来提供抗拔力，并据此提出伞状锚的极限承载力特征值估算公式，为伞状锚的工程应用奠定了基础。

During the construction period of shield shaft, quite a significant disruption against the surrounding ground might happen, therefore, upon shield break-out, the ground surrounding the shaft eye should be conditioned to enable the said ground to be standing alone after ground improvement, to safeguard a successful break-out.

而盾构工作井构筑过程中，会对周围土体产生较大的扰动。因此，盾构出洞前，需要对洞口土体进行处理，使洞口土体经改良后达到可以自立的状态，从而保证盾构顺利出洞。

But the test data suggest that the placement of soil nailing decreases the vertical stress of soil. So the soil's self-stability and bearing capability are increased, yet the soil strength is not be enhanced.

然而测试结果表明，土钉的设置减小了边壁土体中的垂直应力，因而土体自稳性和承载能力得以提高，并非是提高了土体的强度。

In view of this phenomenon this thesis suggests that the placement of soil nailing forms the soil arching in the soil-nailed wall. This function can be described by Tezaghi's stresstransfer theory. It is the stress transfer that decreases the vertical stress of soil and increases the soil's self-stability and its bearing capability.

针对这一现象，本文认为土钉的设置在土体中形成了土拱作用，这种作用可以用太沙基应力传递理论来描述，正是由于应力的传递减小了土体所受的垂直应力，提高了土体自稳性及承载能力。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。