土体

The article has fully discussed the working status and functioning mechanisms of the shotcrete layer, reinforcement fabric, anchor bar and the advanced vertical high-pressure injective paste anchor pipe support, as well as the effective confining and supporting function on the deformation failure of the soil mass on the ground, in the side walls and beneath the foundation

文中充分论述了喷射混凝土面层、钢筋网、锚杆和超前竖直高压注浆锚管支护的工作状态和作用机理，及对地面、边壁内、基础下部土体变形破坏的有效限制和支护作用。

At last, the calculation of shear failure angle is derived.

最后对土体剪切破裂角的计算进行了推导。

First, the computation theory of the anti-sliding pile has been researched including interaction between the pile and tho landslide, the mechanical model of the pile and the calculation method of the internal force of the pile with prestressed anchor cable. Second, the internal force status, the mechanical computation model and the design method of the foundation beam with prestressed anchor cable have been analyzed. Finally, by the example, engineering instance and the geology mechanical model test, the main results and conclusions deduced from the thesis have been compared and validated.

论文首先对抗滑桩的相关设计计算理论进行了研究，包括抗滑桩与边坡岩土体的相互作用，抗滑桩的力学计算模型以及预应力锚索抗滑桩的内力计算方法；其次对预应力锚索地梁的受力状态、计算模型以及设计方法进行了分析研究：最后结合工程实例和地质力学模型试验对相关结论进行了分析比较、验证。

For the frame foundation beam with prestressed anchor cable on the linearly elastic Winkler foundation model, elastic two-constant foundation model and isotropic elastic half-space foundation model, the thesis puts up the finite element computation model which can consider the harmonious deformation of the beam and foundation and the influences between the prestressed anchor cables. The limit design idea of the cable foundation beam has been brought out, which can ensure the safety of the beam with the limit capability of the anchor cable. The computing procedure has been given and programmed.

给出了包括线弹性Winkler地基模型、双参数线弹性地基模型以及各向同性弹性半空间体地基模型上预应力锚索地梁有限元力学计算模型，该模型能同时考虑地梁与岩土体的协调变形，各锚索预应力之间的相互影响，并据此编制了计算程序；考虑到锚索地梁的工作特点，提出了锚索地梁的极限状态设计思想，在充分发挥锚索承载力的同时保证了地梁的安全，给出了其具体计算过程和有限元程序。

However, non-uniform settlement of wharf platform may occur due to large upper load and soil creep deformation, and bulkhead line may be concave or convex which will affect wharfs usage and beauty and cause the horizontal displacement of sheet-pile wall.

但是，在上部荷载较大且土体蠕变等因素下，码头作业平台往往会出现不均匀沉降，码头前沿线可能出现凹凸变形，从而影响码头的使用和美观，同时板桩墙不可避免会出现水平位移。

With plain strain finite element method,the characteristic of double-row pile of excavation of foundation pit in soil clay is studied.

双排桩支护结构是基坑围护结构的一种形式，但目前的分析方法无法考虑其与土体的共同作用。

Soil-aggregate mixture is composed of gravel or cobble as its coarse grain and clay or sand as its filling. Whether natural or man-made, the mechanical properties of this material are widely different from homogeneous and continuous soil or rock.

土石混合体是由作为骨料的砾石或卵石与作为填充料的黏土或砂土组成的特殊工程地质材料，无论天然形成或人工合成，其力学特性与均质土体或岩体相比均有较大差异。

Based on the characteristics of staged-construction of foundation pit and the interaction of diaphragm walls-bracing-soil, a FEM method is provided in this paper to analyze the moment and deformation of the diaphragm walls in whole process of foundation construction, taking consideration of all the possible construction stages from the beginning of excavation to the end of foundation, and the influence of cap beam, pre-load of steel bracing, removal and change of bracing, and the corresponding computer program is composed.

本文首先基于杆系有限元计算原理、基坑工程分工况施工以及围护体、支撑、土体协同工作的特点，提出了一种基坑支护结构全过程内力及变形分析方法，编制了相应的计算程序。该法可考虑第一阶段挖土至±0.000结构楼层施工结束期间的所有工况，可考虑压顶梁对围护体变形的制约作用，以及钢支撑预加轴力、拆撑、换撑等因素的影响。

Second, considering the influence of well resistance, smear effect and structure breakage of thick soft clay, the equivalent calculation method is proposed. That is, the partially penetrating sand drain ground is viewed as the double-layered ground, and its consolidation is analyzed with 1-D consolidation theory, through the transformation from 3-D consolidation to 1-D consolidation in the region of sand drain. This can overcome the disadvantage that the excess pore water is discontinuous between the region of sand drain and under-lying soft layer. To the double-layered ground, based on the consolidation mechanism under surcharge, the excess pore water pressure calculation formula is deduced under the condition of multilevel equably loading or unloading, which perfects the consolidation theory.

然后，在充分考虑竖井区井阻、涂抹作用以及土体结构损伤破坏对固结影响的基础上，将未打穿竖井地基合理地转化为双层地基，按一维固结理论计算，克服了传统固结计算方法在竖井处理区与下卧层交界面处存在孔压间断的缺点；在此基础上，从超载预压法的基本原理出发，分析了双层地基超载预压固结、沉降机理，推导了多级等速加、卸载情况下双层地基的固结计算公式，进一步完善了双层地基固结理论。

The Advantage and disadvantage of oven drying method, neutron method, TDR and remote sensing were analyzed.

土壤含水率是表征土壤水份状况，反映土体组成的一个重要指标[1]。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。