土体

Furthermore, as stresses in the stress field influence the value of seepage coefficient k, which will results in the change of seepage field in the end, while on the other hand, the seepage field also has an effect on the stress field because of seepage forces. Based on the coupling model of seepage field and stress field, a program by finite element method is developed in this paper. And the comparison of results of the program and criterion method with that of test shows that the test results are reasonable, which can be referred to analyze the causes of dangers, evaluate degree of safety of the body and foundation, and design and optimize the measures of seepage control.

此外，考虑到应力场中的应力会改变土体渗透系数进而影响渗流场、而渗流场也因其产生的渗透力会导致应力场发生变化，两者之间存在耦合作用，本文基于渗流场应力场耦合分析的数学模型编制了渗流计算有限元程序CCOSAS1.0，其计算结果和采用规范方法所获得的解答与实测值的对比分析表明，该规律合理且具有一定的代表性，可用以分析险情发生原因、评价堤身堤基安全状况及设计与优化渗流控制措施。

The deformation and failure model of tunnel induced by ground fissure is tensile failure, and tunnel cracks mainly appear in the footwall of ground fissure, but tunnel located in the hanging wall is basically good, which is just adverse to that the damage of buildings or structures on the ground surface caused by the ground fissure mainly in the hanging wall.

地裂缝作用下隧道变形破坏模式为拉张破坏，且隧道衬砌开裂主要出现在下盘距地裂缝14.0 m范围内，而位于上盘的隧道衬砌基本完好，这与地裂缝活动引起土体和地表建筑物的变形破坏主要发生在上盘刚好相反。

Based on the Biot s two-phase theory for fluid-saturated porous media, considering the inertia force of the solid and the liquid, and the coupling function between the solid and the liquid, and the compressibility of the liquid in allusion to the character of the nearly saturated soils. The dynamic governing differential equations are solved by Hankel transform. Then, considering the boundary condition, the dual integral equations of vertical vibration are established which are reduced to Fredholm integral equation of the second kind.

本文基于Biot两相介质动力固结理论，针对准饱和土地基的特点，考虑了流体的可压缩性，土体和流体的惯性及水土之间的耦合作用，运用Hankel变换技术求解动力控制方程，然后按混合边值条件建立起对偶积分方程，并将其化为易于数值计算的第二类Fredholm积分方程，分别研究了准饱和土半空间地基、上覆单相弹性层的准饱和土地基和准饱和粘弹性地基上刚性基础的竖向振动特性。

To get calculation process of analytical solution for predicting the shape of ground arch in bearing soil by studying the theoretical solution for Calculating the shape of ground arch in free soil and Considering the effect of load.

并在此基础上给出了土体中不利于作用荷载的区域，在此区域内作用荷载将会引起隧道周边及荷载作用位置处的塑性区范围显著增加。

Use of analytical solution for predicting the ground settlement induced by tunneling in free soil and Plasticity Yield Criterion get the calculation process of analytical solution for predicting the plastic zone induced by tunneling in free soil.

利用预测自由地层中隧道开挖引起土体沉降的解析解，引入理想塑性屈服准则，得到了自由地层中隧道开挖产生塑性区范围的解析解的计算过程。

The research into soil microstructure is one of the frontal topics in the soil mass research.

土体的结构性研究是土力学研究中的前沿课题之一。

The measurement of thermal conductivity for low temperature frozen soil is important in researching the heat physical characteristics and the frost heaving of soil.

冻土导热系数的测定对于研究冻土热物理性质、土体冻胀特性有着重要作用。

Based on the explanation, to analyze the relation of freezing velocity and frost heaving ratio, we can conclude that the frost-heaving ratio diminishes exponentially with the freezing velocity increasing.

并在此基础上分析了冻结速率和冻胀率之间的关系，得出了土体的冻胀率随冻结速率增大呈幂指数形式递减。

During a series of temperature cycles, there are critical temperature value successive displacement. Frost heaving and thaw settlement for slope soil surface are calculated and analyzed by applying self-design model triangle frame.

应用自行设计的变形测量装置对斜坡土体表面冻胀和融沉进行了计算和分析，得出冻土斜坡的融沉变形远远大于冻胀变形的结论，与青藏公路沿线多年冻土地区公路路基变形观测结果一致。

The thermal regime of soils along the pipeline route will be severely disturbed due to the heat exchange between the oil flowing in the pipeline and the ambient soils. Therefore, the oil pipeline will suffer from the frost heaving and thaw settlement.

原油输运过程中由于管道与周围土体之间发生的热交换，使得原有土层中的热交换机制被打破，冻土区常温原油管道工程基础将面临融沉和冻胀灾害的双重挑战。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐