圆心

There exits several MDO algorithms. But they are in our opinion either nonefficient or complicated. So we devised an algorithm called Subspace Approximation Optimization . In the SAO algorithm, the whole system is decomposed into one system-level optimization and several disciplinary optimizations so that a large and complicated problem can be divided into several easy-solving sub-problems. The coupling relationships and the coordination among disciplines are presented by equality constraints and these equality constraints are assigned to relevant disciplines. The optimums of design variables in system level optimization are transferred to discipline level optimization. The optimums of design variables in discipline level correspond to the point that is the nearest to the optimums of design variables in system level. If the optimums of design variables in system level are out of feasible region of discipline 1eve1, linear constraints can be built in the system level optimization using the design variable optimums obtained by the discipline level optimization. The system level optimization would improve the design of the whole system with these linear constraints.

目前，国内外已经发展出了多种飞机多学科设计优化算法，本文的重点是针对协同优化算法的不足，提出了子空间近似优化算法(Subspace ApproximatingOptimization，SAO)，SAO算法中，整个系统的优化问题被分解成一个系统级优化和若干学科级优化，而各个学科之间的耦合与权衡关系则被当作等式约束，这些等式约束将被分配到各个学科级优化中去，系统级优化的任务是寻找整个系统的最优解，而学科级优化的目标函数是以系统级优化分配下来的设计点为圆心的超球半径的平方，因此，如果系统级优化分配下来的设计点在学科级优化可行域内，则学科级优化目标函数为0，反之，则学科级优化的最优点是系统级优化当前设计点距离可行域最近的点。

The "daVinci representation"(right panel of Figure 6) is a comprehensive visual representation of the scoliotic spine that illustrates the orientation of the planes of maximum curvature of the 3 spine segments in the transverse view. The center of the circular plot is the point where the central hip vertical axis (CHVA, CHVA is a true vertical bisecting the bi-femoral head axis, often considered to represent the physiological center of balance of the spine-pelvic unit) intersects the transverse plane and every arrow radiating from the center represents a spine segment (PT, MT, and TL/L).

圆的圆心是位于髋中心的Z轴与横断面相交点(CHVA，CHVA是双侧股骨头连线重点的垂线，通常作为脊柱-骨盆单元生理平衡的中点)及每个箭头发自表示脊柱节段的中心。

The models of articulation as seen in the lateralroentgenograms of the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints were correlated with the anatomy of surface of distal end of femur.

测量这些圆弧表面的半径、圆弧所对的圆心角以及它们的圆心之间的距离，并且把髌股关节和股胫关节侧位X线片上看到的关节的模型和股骨远端表面的解剖学结构相对应。

The radii of these surfaces, the angles they subtened, and the distances between their centers were measured in lateral roentgenograms. The models of articulation as seen in the lateralroentgenograms of the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints were correlated with the anatomy of surface of distal end of femur.

测量这些圆弧表面的半径、圆弧所对的圆心角以及它们的圆心之间的距离，并且把髌股关节和股胫关节侧位X线片上看到的关节的模型和股骨远端表面的解剖学结构相对应。

Meanwhile, though curve incise, the round trace was divvied into several line trace. And smooth method was made to change the controlled object do circle movement in any centre and radius.

同时通过曲线切割算法将圆弧转化为若干直线段，并采取相应的平滑措施，转化各个直线段运行，从而实现了物体任意半径、任意圆心的圆周运动。

Two kinds of motion equations are obtained respectively from the straight line and arc trajectory of guide roller center by researching control mold of guide roll.

对导向辊控制方式进行了研究，得到了导向辊圆心运动轨迹分别为直线和圆弧两种情况下的运动方程。

When embossing district zhaiyanzhen rubberand drum RADIUS plus the paper thickness is greater than the radius of embossing drum cylinder, paper margin rubber drum circle distance greater than the RADIUS for the imprint of the rollers, paper for the cylinder body relative to the surface of the cylinder of nano-imprint lithography drum slide forward, imprinted deformation and dot gain no significant adverse effects.

当不抬印区某处的橡皮滚筒半径加上纸薄不小于不抬印滚筒筒体半径时，纸张背背距橡皮滚筒圆心的间隔不小于不抬印滚筒筒体半径，纸张背背不绝不差于不抬印滚筒筒体暗地上后滑不静，这不差痕迹变形及网不背增不小无澄辉不良感化。

Under it, apparent motions of the planets are to be explained in terms of deferents and epicycles around the earth.

依据此，则将根据饶地球的圆心轨迹和周转圆来解释行星的视运动。

Under it, apparent motions of the planets are to be explained in terms of deferents and epicycles around the earth.

依据此，则将根据饶地球的圆心轨迹和周转圆来解释行星的视运动。在周转圆上的视运动映射属于常态科学的领域。

When using an , you don't only need to adjust the perpendicularity between end plane and axes, but also need to adjust the position of four jaws to make the center of workpiece's front face coincides with lathe spindle.

使用四爪卡盘时不仅要调整端面与轴线的垂直度，还要调整四爪的位置，使工件前端面的圆心与车床主轴重合。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。