圆

The spiral angle of graduated circle was rough estimated by measuring the addendum circle diameter and modified on milling machine.

介绍了精确测绘单一斜齿圆柱齿轮齿形参数的简便方法，即测量公法线长度计算基圆齿距从而查表确定模数和压力角；测量齿顶圆直径估算分度圆螺旋角，用分度头在铣床上修正分度圆螺旋角，并进行误差分析。

By this method,the estimated values of CEP and its confidence limits are calculated.

该方法给出同一批次惯组圆概率偏差及其置信上、下限的估计值，并根据圆概率偏差估计值和圆概率偏差战术指标要求值，给出圆概率偏差的保障概率，来评估某个批次的捷联惯组是否达到设计要求。

Consider the circle that is tangent to the curve at and has the same curvature there. Its center will lie on the concave side of the curve. This circle is called the circle of curvature. Its radius is the radius of curvature, and

在点处的曲线的法线上，在凹的一侧取一点，使得，以为圆心，半径为的圆叫做曲线在点处的曲率圆，曲率圆的圆心叫做曲线在点处的曲率中心，曲率圆的半径叫做曲线在点处的曲率半径。

Finally it analyzes the feasibility that using hydromechanics to analyze traffic flow by contrasting various characters between traffic flow and fluid flow. It analyzes influence of road alignment to basic expressway segment capacity by hydromechanics, and obtains viscous resistance and viscous movement differential equation when the vehicle drives on circular curve segment of expressway. And it infers that viscous resistance is correlated with sideway force coefficient, slope of crown and radius of circular curve. Radius of circular curve, sideway force coefficient and slope of crown are bigger, viscous resistance is smaller, the influence to capacity is smaller when the vehicle is running on nearside lane of circular curve; but radius of circular curve and sideway force coefficient are bigger, slope of crown is smaller, viscous resistance is smaller, the influence to capacity is smaller when the vehicle is running on fast lane of circular curve.

最后通过对比交通流与流体流的相似性，运用流体力学分析了道路线形对快速路基本路段通行能力的影响，求出了车辆在曲线路段的粘性阻力，建立了车辆在曲线路段的粘性运动微分方程，并由此推知，粘性阻力与横向力系数、路拱横坡度和圆曲线半径都有关系，当车辆在圆曲线外侧车道上行驶时，圆曲线半径、横向力系数和路拱横坡度越大，粘性阻力就越小，对道路的通行能力影响就越小；而当车辆在圆曲线内侧车道上行驶时，圆曲线半径和横向力系数越大，路拱横坡度越小，粘性阻力就越小，对道路的通行能力影响就越小。

The relationship between the minimum zone circle, minimum circumscribed circle and maximum inscribed circle was studied. Based on their relationship, the minimum zone circle and minimum circumscribed circle, maximum inscribed circle were transformed mutually.

本文研究了最小区域圆与最小外接圆、最大内接圆特征点的相互关系，实现了最小区域圆与最小外接圆、最大内接圆的相互转化，可有效解决最小区域圆的误差评定。

The first one is to generate the circle for each borderline segment of the component by considering the segment length and the prescribed tolerance value. If this is not the case, the borderline segment will be equally divided into halves until the obtained circle satisfies the tolerance value over the whole borderlines of the component. The basic idea of the last two algorithms aims at covering the domain occupied by the component as much as possible. The circle generation is carried out sequentially from salient angle to the sector formed by the salient angle till the uncovered borderline segments of the component. Particularly, the three-step algorithm with gap allows that the generated circles are distributed with gap along the component contour.

二分法利用组件各边长度和设置的容差大小得到该边的候选包络圆，若该圆不满足组件所有边的容差要求，则将该边不断地对分，直至所得到的包络圆满足各边的容差要求；三步划分法和带间隙的改进三步划分法则以组件区域为划分对象，依次对组件多边形凸顶角、凸扇形区和多边形各边剩余线段划分包络圆，且带间隙的改进三步划分法则允许包络圆在组件边界上以适当的间隙分布。

In this paper, a region approximation idea that means using a "fat curve" with a width to approximate the offset curve is proposed, and a complete set of algorithms to approximate offset curve using disk Bézier curve are given and implemented. In the algorithms, the optimal and uniform approximate curve of the offset curve as the central curve of the Disk Bézier curve is found by using Remez method, and then the upper optimal and uniform approximation principle is proposed to compute the error radius function of the Disk Bézier curve. Thus, the whole Disk Bézier curve can be obtained. In the end of this paper, the approximate effect of the Disk Bézier curve is not only analyzed and assessed, but also some specific examples are provided.

提出用一条带宽度的"胖曲线"来逼近上述等距曲线的区域逼近思想，并建立与实现了圆域Bézier曲线等距逼近的整套算法，包括应用Remez方法求出等距曲线的最佳一致逼近曲线作为圆域Bézier曲线的中心曲线，提出上控最佳一致逼近的原理求出圆域Bézier曲线的误差半径函数，以及确定整条圆域Bézier曲线，最后还对该圆域Bézier逼近的效果做了分析和考核，并给出了一些具体实例。

The outstanding nomenclatural problems in the Palaeozoic arborescent lycopsid Cyclostigma are discussed,which include four aspects:1valid publication and author citation of Cyclostigma;2synonym,homonym,and replacement name of Cyclostigma;3conservation of Cyclostigma;and 4typification of Cyclostigma.

文章讨论晚古生代木本石松植物圆印木属Cyclostigma命名中存在的突出问题，包括4个方面：1圆印木属的合格发表和作者引证；2圆印木属的异名、同名和替代名；3圆印木属的保留；4圆印木属的模式。

In order to obtain better characteristics of photonic crystal lasers, the wafer bonding technology is introduced to integrate MQWs wafer with different uncompatible wafers. We utilize the direct bonding method and glue bonding method to integrate the 1550nm long-wavelength MQWs with DBR wafer or sapphire. The effect factors of bonding process and choice of bonding materials are discussed. At last, we measure the photoluminescence spectra of our membrane devices and bonding samples.

为了得到更好的光谱特性，我们介绍了各种晶圆接合技术去整合含有多层量子井结构的晶圆与其不相容的材料，我们利用直接接合和溶胶接合的方法去接合1550nm长波长的多层量子井晶圆与含有DBR结构的晶圆或sapphire，并对於各种接合影响因素与材料的选择加以讨论，最后再对我们的层状光子晶体雷射和晶圆接合后的样本做量测。

The disc type counter current chromatographic separation column comprises at least a or a plurality of discs provided with designing slots, clapboards at two sides of each disc, the cylinder rotating axis, an upper flange and a lower flange; the cylinder rotating axis is hollow and passes through the center of the upper flange, the lower flange, the discs and the clapboards; the inner edge and the outer edge of the upper flange, the lower flange, the discs and the clapboards are provided with a plurality of bolt pieces that fix the upper flange, the lower flange, the discs and the clapboards together.

一种多功能高效逆流色谱仪，它由盘式逆流色谱分离柱、配重体、行星架、柱体自转轴、行星轮、中心轮、中心公转轴、电机、传动装置、速度控制装置和保温机箱组成；所述的盘式逆流色谱分离柱，它包括有至少一个或多个设槽的圆盘、每个圆盘两侧的隔板、柱体自转轴和上法兰、下法兰；所述的柱体自转轴为空心，贯穿在上法兰、下法兰、圆盘及隔板的中心；在上法兰、下法兰、圆盘及隔板的内外边缘设有多个螺栓部件，将上、下法兰、圆盘及隔板固定在一起。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。