图象

In spatial domain. Multiple frame SR can utilize different information between images and some apriority information to reconstruct a HR image. The emphasis of this paper is to research a SR reconstruction method based on image registration for which the registration algorithm is very important.

多帧图象超分辨率重建算法能够利用帧间图象的互补信息以及某些先验信息得到高分辨率图象，本文主要研究基于图象配准的超分辨率重建，其中图象配准算法是整个重建技术中十分重要的环节。

This software package is of the following capabilities: top view display, line plot, net plot, surface plot, section analysis, background plane reduction, zoom, 1-D or 2-D Fourier transformation, power density analysis, restoration of STM images, smoothing, low pass or high pass filter, BMP file output, printing images etc.

STM图象是三维数字图象，考虑到其它自制仪器的需要，编写了通用三维图象处理软件，其中包括：黑白灰度、伪彩色顶视图显示，三维线形图、网格图显示，真三维立体图显示，剖面线分析，背景平面扣除和斜面校正，灰度直方图平坦化，卷积滤波边缘增强，选区放大和插值处理，一维、二维Fourier变换，功率谱分析，STM图象复原，噪声扣除和STM图象格式文件输出，打印等。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

Based on the former chapter, one method based on fundamental matrix and crossrate is proposed in this chapter to render novel image considering the character of fundamental and cross-rate invariant in the perspective project, which utilized the correspondence relationship between the given two images and projective invariant between images to render novel image.

该方法通过将基本矩阵的稳定性求解问题转化为一个有条件的极值求解问题，结合遗传算法良好的全局寻优特点，将该方法很好地引入到基本矩阵的求解中，并取得了良好的实验结果。（5）第五章在上一章的基础上，综合基本矩阵和透视投影中的交比不变性的特点，提出了一种基于基本矩阵和交比的生成新图象的方法，这种利用已知两幅图象之间存在的匹配关系和新图象和已知图象存在的透视不变量，来生成新图象。

In IBR (image-based rendering) application, we introduce homotopy mapping into view interpolation based on uncalibrated images, and present three forms of perspective homotopic transform according to different conditions.①The linear interpolation technique presented only preserves perspective geometry, but the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of camera are changed. For the uncalibrated images, its application is restricted.②The view interpolation presented for rotational uncalibrated images can preserve both perspective geometry and the intrinsic parameters of camera, and the view position can be controlled. At meanwhile, the image registration method and panoramic images synthetic method is presented.

3在基于图象的绘制技术方面，将同伦变换引入视图插补中，针对未标定图象序列，并根据以下三种情况给出相应的透视同伦变换，①只保证符合透视关系，而摄象机内外参数均已改变的线性插补技术，对于标定图象序列，这种插补技术是非约束的，而对于未标定图象序列则只适合于某些特殊场景；②旋转图象序列的视图插补技术，同时给出了旋转图象序列的整合及全景图生成方法；③通过对非约束图象的预校正，完成平移情况下的视点插补。

Experiments show that rhomb partitioning is more powerful in suppressing block artifacts than square partitioning, results in much higher reconstructed image quality, but takes longer encoding time; 2 For solving exhausting encoding problem of fractal image coding, we present a fast rhomb-partitioning fractal image coding based on neighbor-searching; we present a fast rhomb-partitioning fractal image coding based on block classification; we present a fast square-partitioning fractal image coding based on neighbor-searching, block classification and wavelet transform.

2针对分形图象压缩编码过程非常耗时的致命弱点，提出了基于邻域搜索的菱形块分割的快速分形图象压缩编码方法，提出了基于块分类的菱形块分割的快速分形图象压缩编码方法，提出了基于邻域搜索·块分类和小波变换的方块分割的快速分形图象压缩编码方法，实验结果表明，我们提出的快速分形图象压缩编码与传统的分形图象压缩编码相比，编码速度提高了近40倍。

Part 1: On image compression coding 1 Based on human visual property, we present a rhomb-partitioning fractal image compression coding, discuss fractal image coding of fixed-size rhomb partitioning and adaptive rhomb partitioning.

第一部分是有关图象压缩编码的： 1基于人眼的视觉特性，提出了基于菱形分割的分形图象压缩编码方法，讨论了固定菱形块分割图象·自适应菱形块分割图象的分形图象压缩编码问题，实验结果表明菱形块分割图象比方块分割图象更有效地抑制"块效应"，重建图象质量明显提高，但编码时间较长。

The basic theories of mathematical morphology for binary image are stated, and the most simple structure elements of morphologic transformation for binary images are proposed and proved. The geodetic morphologic transformation models are also developed. For the purpose of improving the speed of transformation in computer, the"set symmetric difference"is introduced to adapt each model. Some new morphologic filtering models and quantitative evaluating model of filtering effects in image processing are proposed, under the applied condition. The morphologic thinning methods are studied, and two new morphologic thinning models are developed. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of mining maps, the image vectorizing tactics and a series of algorithms are proposed, including dynamic adaptive image thresholding using two thresholds, graphic and text separation, noise removal, and multi elements extracting models with mathematical morphology. Accuracy preserving compressed vectorizing model for image vectorization is put forward to generate vector data in multi layer.

论文对二值图象形态学的基础理论进行了较系统的阐述，提出并证明了二值图象处理中形态变换的最简单结构元素，并发展了测地形态变换模型；为了提高形态变换的计算机实现速度，引入了集合论中"对称差"的概念对各形态变换模型进行了改化；针对数学形态学在图象处理中的实际应用，提出了新的形态滤波模型及滤波效果的度量评价模型；研究了形态细化方法，提出了快速形态细化和保形快速形态细化算法；在研究矿图基本特征基础上，提出了人机协同矿图扫描图象矢量化处理策略及一系列扫描图象处理算法模型，包括双阈值动态自适应图象二值化、图文分离、噪声去除、图面多种要素提取形态变换模型等；在图象栅格—矢量转换中，提出了保精度压缩矢量化模型，以生成分层要素矢量数据。

On the basement of conventional direct fan-beam reconstruction, this paper gives a newly improved algorithm-"fast filtering-backprojection". This method utilizes the symmetrical circle geometry to sample projection data, and reconstructs image on the Polarcoordinate firstly, then translates this reconstructed image onto the cartesian coordinate system with two interpolating operations so that the computer can show the result image on the VGA screen. This algorithm rebates the calculating backprojection greatly, and shortens a few times of reconstructing time than same kinds of means. With the size of image enlarging, the reconstructing time abates with 2 exponent times. In addition, according to the idea of parallel-beam, we rearrange the fan-beams and reconstruct image using parallel-beam method fastly. The rearranging constraint condition is given here.

本文首先在传统的扇束直接重建方法的基础上，提出了一个改进的快速滤波反投影重建算法，它利用旋转采集投影数据的圆周对称的几何关系，先在极坐标系统内进行图象的重建，然后通过两次内插运算再将图象转换到计算机显示方式下的笛卡尔坐标系中去，该方法将以往的直接重建方法中的反投影时所需的运算大大降低，并将重建时间比同类方法缩短了几倍，而且随着重建图象的尺寸的增大，重建时间以2的指数次方倍相对缩短，并获得了较好质量的重建图象；另外，又根据平行束投影重建图象的思想，对扇形射束进行了重排，然后利用平行束重建图象的方法进行扇束的重建，并推导了&扇束重排重建图象&方法的约束条件。

In hardware design, high frame rate CCD and straight fiberscope are used as the sensor of image, a advanced system of testing high speed arc image and high speed data transfer with RS-422A have also been designed.

硬件设计中利用高帧频CCD和直管纤维镜做图象传感，设计出先进的电弧图象高速成象和RS-422A数据传输系统，将电弧光学图象转化为便于计算机处理的数字化图象。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。