图灵机

Surprisingly, any computation that can be performed by this sort of machine can also be performed by an ordinary Turing machine, although the latter may be slower or require a larger total region of its tape.

令人惊讶的是，任何计算，可以由这样的机器也可以由一个普通的图灵机，但后者可能会比较慢，或需要更大的总区域的磁带。

Hellip;prose used to define the way the Turing machine uses its head and the way that it stores data on its tape.

散文用于界定的图灵机的方式使用其头部和方式，将数据存储在磁带。

Curiously enough, the computer was born as a Turing machine, able to make a single step at a time, and in fact, in the depths of the machine, language still works in this way, by a binary logic, of zero-one, zero-one.

说来奇怪，电脑是作为一种图灵机诞生的，每次只能执行一步，而事实上，在这种机器的内部，语言仍以这种方式工作，通过二进制的逻辑，0－1，0－1。

Well, Turing suggested, isn't that the same criterion we apply to each other every day?

好的，这个图灵机建议，这和我们每天彼此适应的标准不是一样吗？

In fact, Turing machines are in a sense the simplest machines that are universal in this sense.

事实上，图灵机是一种最简单的机器，都是普遍在这个意义上。

What Turing really wanted to do with this scenario was suggest that the question "Can machines think?"

在这个假定中，其实图灵机真正想做的就是提出这个问题："机器可以思考吗？"

A closely related and now quite popular concept is the idea of Turing machines .

一个密切相关的，现在很流行的概念的想法，图灵机。

Turing machines: equivalent forms, undecidability.

图灵机：等价形式，不可判定性。

Topics covered include: finite automata and regular languages, context-free languages, Turing machines, partial recursive functions, Church's Thesis, undecidability, reducibility and completeness, time complexity and NP-completeness, probabilistic computation, and interactive proof systems.

课程项目包含：有限状态机与正规语言，情境无关语言，Turing机，部分递回函数，Church理论，不可判定性，可简化性与完整性，时间复杂度与NP-完整性，或然率计算，与交互验证系统。译注：Turing machine 一般译作"图灵机"或"图林机"，本课程依据专有名词保留原则，一律译为Turing机。

In the third section, the author discusses different functionalism types, including David Lewiss commonsense functionalism, machine functionalism, homuncular functionalism and teleological functionalism. The author analyses two concepts, Ramsey sentence and Turing machine, which are important for functionalism, and explains the view of functionalism by using both concepts.

在第三部分，笔者论述了功能主义的分类，把其分为刘易斯的常识功能主义、机器功能主义、小人功能主义和目的论功能主义，重点说明了对功能主义影响深远的两个概念：拉姆齐语句和图灵机，通过这两个概念细致地说明了功能主义对心身问题的看法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。