图形失真

Alternating aperture phase shift mask is an advanced technology to enhance lithography resolution by adding phase shifters to the mask, which corrects the pattern distortion caused by diffraction of light in deep sub-wavelength lithography.

交替移相掩模是一种通过对掩模版进行相位偏移而提高光刻分辨率的先进工艺技术，用来解决深亚波长光刻下由于衍射效应引起的图形失真问题。

In this paper, three methods for color image retrieval have been presented: hypercomplex SVD image retrieval, combination of hypercomplex convolution filter and hypercomplex SVD image retrieval and hypercomplex matrix correlation image retrieval. We made comparison among these hypercomplex-methods, and compared them with the traditional image retrieval methods. Experiment results showed that the hypercomplex-methods we presented in this paper could well conquer the problems existed in traditional image retrieval methods, and their retrieval results are much better. Meanwhile, this paper presented a new color image quality assessment based on hypercomplex SVD. It is a novel color image quality assessment that can be used as a graphical or a scalar measure to predict the distortion introduced by a wide range of noise sources. It reliably measures the distortion not only within a distortion type at different distortion levels, but also across different distortion types.

提出了超复数奇异值分解检索法，超复数卷积滤波与超复数奇异值分解相结合的检索法以及超复数矩阵相关检索法等三种超复数彩色图像检索方法，在对提出的三种算法进行比较的同时也将其与传统图像检索方法进行了比较，结果证明，超复数彩色图像检索法能较好地克服传统图像检索方法存在的问题，且检索结果更优；同时，本文提出了基于超复数奇异值分解的彩色图像质量客观评估法，这种全新的图形化与数值化相结合的方法不仅能够准确评估出彩色图像的不同失真等级，还能够区分不同的失真类型，从真正意义上实现了彩色图像的质量评估。

In order to improve the effect of image and the exactitude of vectorization, this dissertation supplies raster image edition and vector graphics edition, which can make pixel operation and amend image vectorization results. At the same time it supplies the image transform to the form of CAD and can be edited and modified in the condition of CAD.This dissertation has just carried on the simple try in the Engineering drawing ectorization respect, too.

为了进一步提高图像处理的效果和矢量化的准确度，本文在图像处理阶段和自动矢量化后阶段均提供了简单的编辑功能，既可以对图像进行像素级操作，也可以对矢量化过程中产生的失真现象进行修正；同时给出矢量化数据到CAD软件的图形格式转换接口，从而有利于和CAD环境的无缝联接。

Raster Polygon can not only optimize Gerber to accelerate speed of file manipulation but also can give an exactly description on image better than vector polygon. It became a best replacement solution for vector polygon. UltraVision AOI can support Raster Polygon and also can avoid distortion caused by raster when revolute to Vector.

光栅式多边形填充不仅能够优化Gerber文件从而提高文件处理速度，并且比矢量式多边形填充更能对图形进行准确的描述，是后者的最佳代替方案，UltraVision AOI支持光栅式多边形填充，最大程度的避免因光栅转换成矢量而产生的图形失真。

The greatest advantage of vectorgraph is, it will not be anamorphic whether enlarge, reduce or revolve.

矢量图形最大的优点是无论放大、缩小或旋转都不会失真。

"Electronic 1C Chip drawing system" provides many functions such as "modify the position of the component"s diagram""modify the color of the component"s diagram""magnify and minify the component"s diagram without distortion""change the type of drawing line""edit some physical properties of the component""copy and paste diagram of one component""delete one or more component diagrams""move more than one components" positions""change the z_order of the diagram,set it to back or bring it to front""save the drawing of the electronic components to one file and the file extension name is *.brd""print the drawing".

电路板元器件绘制系统主要完成了使用鼠标拖拽、鼠标点按的方式绘制电路板上各种常见的元器件图形；编辑电路板上元器件图形的位置；编辑元器件图形的颜色；不失真的对器件图形进行放大和缩小；编辑元器件图形的线型；编辑电路板上各个器件的物理属性(比如电阻的阻值大小、电容的容量大小、额定电压等)；复制已经绘制出的电路板上的器件；粘贴剪贴板上的器件；删除单个或多个已经绘制出的器件图形；同时改变多个器件图形的位置；改变绘制区内各个元器件的z order顺序，也就是可以将层叠在一起的图形置前或置后；把绘制的电路板器件图保存到指定文件中；能打开、查看和修改保存的电路板器件图；打印电路板器件图。

The traditional box-counting algorithm is based on the grid document and has some serious shortcomings, such as the distortion of the image being enlarged, the trivialness of the process and the finite of the iterative degree, etc.

实践表明，该算法有3个优点：（1）图像不会随着放大缩小而失真；（2）可完全进行计算机操作，且简单可靠；（3）从某种意义上讲，由于迭代的次数可以是无穷的，所以能非常精确地确定图形的标度空间，并可获得精确的分维值。

As hardware system using grating graphics display system, there are saw tooth-shaped distortion in compass screen when it rotates owing to the restrictions of the grating scan display.

由于硬件系统采用的是光栅图形显示系统，罗盘画面旋转受光栅扫描显示器的限制存在着锯齿形失真、扭曲等走样现象。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。