图式的

Although over these years many scholars have done a lot of significant work, almost nobody studies the construction of schemata systematically and specially, especially they hardly deal with the conformity of reading teaching and information technology.

关于图式理论对高中英语阅读教学的指导作用的研究，许多学者已做了大量卓有成效的工作并且为图式的构建提出了许多行之有效的方案。不过，他们中很少有人就图式的构建这一实践问题做全面系统而且专门的研究，尤其是关于阅读教学与信息技术的整合涉及的较少。

With its unique features and functions, schema plays an important role in the study of cross-cultural competence. A schematic approach to cross-cultural competence research is significant in both theory and practice.

阐释了认知心理学中心理图式的内涵与特征；探讨了心理图式与跨文化交际能力的密切关系；认为从图式的视角研究跨文化交际能力具有重要理论和实践意义。

By probing into the different phenomena caused by schema difference and schema...

通过分析译者在翻译过程中由于图式的差异及变异造成的各种问题，作者指出译者在翻译过程中要充分激活相关图式，同时不断充实自身不同文化的背景知识，了解不同文化中的图式差异，并采用有效的方法激活译文读者的图式，使译文达到与原文相似的效果。

The study of word association makes it possible to reveal the cultural knowledge and assumptions that have been accommodated into peoples cognitive schemata; therefore, it proves that words which equal in two languages denotatively but differ connotatively are the result of different schemata developed in different cultures and encoded in different languages.

词汇联想实验有助于揭示构成人们认知图式的文化知识和文化预设，从而证明具有相同指称意义的词汇在不同的语言中内涵意义不同是由于不同的文化构造了不同的认知图式，而这些文化图式又潜藏在语言深层，成为影响人们观念、情感、审美以及其他行为的无形力量。

Samely the expression of oral English is also conditioned by the schema. Only when the content schema and language schema relating to the discourse are stored in the brain can oral communication be accurately and fluently produced.

同样，口语表达的过程也受到图式的制约，只有大脑中存有与话题相关的内容图式和语言图式时，才能准确、流利地进行口语交流。

The third chapter states the three types of schemata and the correlations between schema theory and English reading comprehension.

第三章，论述了图式的分类，及图式理论与阅读理解之间的关系。

Schema is a kind of organized knowledge. It is variable, if it is concretized, It can assimilate new knowledge and transform old knowledge.

图式是有组织的知识，是一种变量，变量的具体化具有同化新知识和变革旧图式的作用。

This chapter starts with the determination of primary sense of under. Then it focuses on how its spatial senses are extended from the central image schema to its transformations by metonymy. Next, this part also focuses on how its metaphorical senses are extended in terms of the central image schema and transformations by metaphor. In these analyses, this thesis summarizes four kinds of relations: the relation of UP-DOWN, the relation of HIGH-LOW, COVERING relation or the relation of IN-OUT and the relation of SOURCE-PATH-GOAL. Lots of metaphorical senses of under are derived from these basic spatial relations. In this thesis, the relations between the senses derived from central image schema and those derived from its transformations are explored at length. The relations between the spatial senses derived from central image schema and transformations and the metaphorical senses derived from them are also explored at length. The above analyses demonstrate that the sense extension of the spatial preposition is motivated by image schema, which also provides the root for metonymic and metaphorical extension. The semantic network of under is diagramed finally.

论文首先确定了under的首要意义；然后集中探讨了它的空间意义如何从中心意象图式，通过转喻形成许多变体，从而得以延伸；接着分析了它的隐喻意义如何从中心意象图式及其变体通过隐喻而得以延伸，在此分析中，本论文总结了四种关系：上—下关系﹑高—低关系﹑覆盖关系或里—外关系和起点—路径—目标关系，under的很多隐喻意义源于这些基本的空间关系；本论文还对源于中心意象图式的空间意义与源于其变体的空间意义的关系进行了详细的剖析；对源于中心意象图式与其变体的空间意义及其延伸的隐喻意义之间的关系，也同样进行了详细的剖析；通过分析论证了，意象图式是空间介词义项扩展的源泉，同时也为转喻和隐喻提供了基础；最后得出under的语义网络。

If a painter assimilate the beneficial affection from his schema background, inherit and develop it creatively, it would become the "walking stick" that make for expanding his way; Whereas, handle it skin-deeply, loot gruffly or put together its parts superficially, this means should be "the rope enwinding his neck" and might terminate his art foreground.

画家若真正能从其图式背景中汲取一切有益的养料，并创造性地继承和发展，图式可成为其开拓道路的拐杖；若只取其皮毛，粗暴地加以掠夺和仅进行表面的拼接，对画家的艺术前景来说，这种运用图式的方法只能成绕其颈项的绳索。

In other words, mental lexicons retrieval is in great need of identical cooperation.

换言之，心理词汇的提取需要非语言图式以及语言图式的合作。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。