图像模型

The validities of amplitude features and their extraction method suitable in high-frequency SAR image are analyzed when they are used in UWB SAR image. An extraction approach of amplitude feature based on target contour is presented, and the corresponding effective amplitude features are proposed. The old dihedral angle model is analyzed and improved. The approach of azimuthal feature extraction is proposed based on the conclusion of the improved dihedral angle model. The problems, which appear when the common change detection methods are used to extract the change feature based on ROI, are analyzed. And a robust and feasible extraction approach is presented.

分析了适于高频SAR图像的幅度特征及其提取方法用于UWB SAR图像时的有效性，提出了基于目标轮廓的幅度特征提取方法及相应的适用幅度特征；分析了已有二面角模型在建模过程中存在的问题并进行了改进建模，基于改进二面角模型结论提出了方位向特征提取方法；分析了常用变化检测方法用于提取ROI变化特征时存在的问题，提出了一种稳健可行的变化特征提取方法。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

After the pertinence analysis of endoplasm parameters, designed an artificial neural network which built the training sample with grape images information and pericarpial pigment parameters and another artificial neural network which built the training samples with pericarpial pigment parameters and total acid, total sugar, soluble solids of sarcocarp. Using this combined module, realized the nondestructive measurement according to grape images information.

通过对内质参数的相关性分析，设计了由葡萄图像信息预测色素内质参数的人工神经网络及由果皮色素参数预测果肉总酸、总糖、可溶性固形物的人工神经网络模型，通过两个模型组合来实现根据葡萄图像信息进行采前无损检测的目的。

We introduce the ideology and viewpoints of image denoising into image inpainting. Considering the property of spatial continuity of local area on the image, We propose here a new algorithm for image inpainting based on spatial continuity and image denoising.

我们把图像滤波的思想和观点引入到图像缺损信息恢复问题中来，根据图像局部区域具连续性的特点，提出了一种新颖的基于邻域滤波的图像修复模型。

Preoperatively and postoperatively computed tomographic scanning was performed in every patient. For the CAD treatment group, firstly, the 3D graph of the patient's skull was built based on the CT data using the reconstructing function of Mimics 8.11. Then the 3D file was imported to Geomagic 4.0. The injury lateral was resected and replaced by the mirror of the intact side, so an intact skull was generated at last. Consequently, a model was manufactured in a technical machine. The last step was to prebend the titanium mesh on the model.

CAD/CAM治疗组是利用术前诊断CT，将DICOM格式CT数据输入图像处理软件Mimics8.11，由软件生成颅颌面骨STL格式的三维图像文件，应用另一个图像处理软件Geomagic4.0读取该文件，并应用镜像工具以中线为轴线生成健侧半的镜像，最终得到双侧对称的颅颌面模型，将该图像信息输入快速成型系统，通过逐层树脂堆积，生成树脂头模。

With unbiasedness proved,it analyzes precision,describles probability distribution model of successful match in serial image match,and gives the definition of SIM algorithm match probability.

并给出了成功匹配的概率分布模型，定义了序列图像匹配算法的匹配概率，通过实例分析了序列图像匹配算法的匹配概率、图像序列数、单幅匹配概率之间的定量关系，为实际图像匹配系统算法、序列数目的选择提供了重要的理论决策依据。

In this paper, the sorting of wear, the mechanics of wear particle formed and the characteristics of wear particles are introduced, and morphology characteristics parameter of wear particle are determined, which is particle brim digital feature. Based on image characters, after pre-process, section and extracting of contour parameter of wear particle using image process technique, four shape character parameters are extracted by fourier series expansion. After analyzing fundamental principle and shortcomings of neural network, current BP algorithm is improved in output optimization, network linearization implication optimization and adding momentum, and then astringe speed of BP algorithm.

本文介绍了磨损的分类以及磨粒的生成机理、磨粒的形态特征，应用摩擦学系统分析的观点，确定磨粒边缘数字特征为磨粒的识别特征参数；根据磨粒图像的特征，利用计算机图像处理技术对磨粒图像进行预处理、分割、轮廓参数的提取，采用傅立叶级数展开式提取磨粒四个形状特征参数：圆形度、散射度、凹度、细长度；针对 BP(Back-Propagation)神经网络收敛速度慢的特点，对现行的 BP 算法进行改进，并通过实验验证改进后的网络收敛速度快；研究设计了磨粒图像采集系统；利用 BP 算法建立磨损磨粒自动识别算法模型 AWPRM(Auto Wear Particle Recognition Model)。

Blood speckle noise in the IVUS image would affect the validity of edge detection badly. A temporal/spatial filtering method was used to preprocess the IVUS image to restrain the noise. Then a method to automatically detect the intima and ectoblastic edge of IVUS image was presented. This method is based on the active contour model and the contrast properties of IVUS image, which makes use of the Hopfield NN and simulated annealing algorithm.

为解决血管内超声图像中严重的血液斑点噪声影响边缘提取方法的有效性问题，采用一种时/空滤波方法对IVUS图像进行降噪预处理，基于活动轮廓模型和IVUS图像的边缘对比度特征量，利用Hopfield神经网络并结合模拟退火算法自动提取IVUS图像的冠脉血管壁内、外膜边缘。

In order to enhance the image with better anti-noise ability,this paper proposes a image pre-processing algorithm based on lateral inhibition and adaptive filter,which can not only outstands the image'outline,but also eliminates the noise by adaptively changing the model parameters accordingly to the local image's mean,variance and the noise variance.

为了既能增强图像，又具有较好抗噪性能，提出一种基于侧抑制网络和自适应滤波相结合的图像预处理算法，不仅突出了图像的轮廓，而且能根据图像的局部均值和方差以及噪声方差的不同，自适应地改变模型的参数来消除噪声。

When detecting the edge, an auto-choose threshold algorithm is given to reduce the salt-and-pepper or pulse wrong edges. After analyzing the special noise factor in pin's image, this paper improves the edge detection elements. That's putting forward a way which is named"the method of de-noise based on linear weighted operator template"to reduce the zonal or cluster noise. And test show that the algorithms detect image's edge rightly.

针对钻针图像的特点，在边缘检测中提出了自动选择阈值的算法；之后针对钻针图像中的特殊噪声形式，对边缘检测算法进行了原理上的改进，通过对图像的灰度分布的数学模型的建立，提出了使用加权直线模板去噪法进行块状噪声的去除；通过上述算法的应用，良好地改善了图像处理的质量。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。