图

Peaks(30); N=16;% number of contour lines and their colors clf % clear the current figure view(3)% set view to 3-D hold on % hold blank screen setgca,' ColorOrder ',hsv(N % use colors from default hsv colormap contour3 % draw N contour lines grid,xlabel(' X-axis '),ylabel(' Y-axis '),zlabel(' Z-axis ') title(' CONTOUR3 of PEAKS ') hold off

输出见图 18.17。图 18.17 函数 PEAKS 的三维等值线图现在，各条等值线的颜色沿着 z 轴的变化和网格图曲面图网格图和曲面图网格图曲面图一样。

This article detailedly expatiated upon the principles, contents and methods of cropland classification; it analyzed the necessity to combine the work of cropland classification with GIS technology, summarized the attributions of ARC/INFOand some other related softwares; it established the technologic route of cropland classification supported by GIS, by a case study in Liwu Town,Li County Hebei Province, this article expatiated the practicable mechanism of combining the function of ARC/INFO with the work of cropland classification, and put forward some new ideas and approaches of utilizing GIS: this paper put forward the idea of coding the polygons in the basic graphic database such as soil map and land use map according to their attributes, and put forward the detailed coding project; based on the code databases, it expatiated upon the detailed approaches to create single梖actor map and output the final classification map; it put forward the principles and the method of creating classification units in the environment of GIS, that is how to keep the lines of soil polygon, the border of districts and the important objects such as residential areas, banks of rivers and roads ,and how to overlap single梖actor soil map and land use map, and to delete some vector lines of the overlapped map appropriately; it detailed the methods of creating mathematic model of classification coefficients in the environment of computer, and used FOXPRO6.0 programs to realize the automation of calculating coefficients; it represented the method of plotting the final map by overlapping various coverages according to the code tables and lookup tables, the process of outputting the cropland classifying map was finished by program.

本文法对耕地等别划分的原则、内容及方法作了较详细的阐述，介绍了多系数综合修正法的耕地等别计算方法及其具体应用和AHP的确权方法；分析了耕地等别划分工作与地理信息系统技术相结合的必要性，简要介绍了地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO及其他相关软件的功能特点，制定了地理信息系统支持下耕地等别划分的技术路线，通过对河北省蠡县蠡吾镇的实证研究，重点阐述了ARC／INFO及相关数据库软件与耕地等别划分结合的有效机制及GIS应用的一些新思想、新方法：提山了对土壤图和土地利用现状图等基础图形数据库进行特征编码的思想和具体的编码方案，阐述了基于与图形库相链接的特征编码表，单因素图提取、成果图的输出的具体实现方法；提出了GIS环境下耕地单元划分的原则和方法，即在保留土壤因素图斑界线、行政界线和重要地物等的原则下，将土壤单因素图和土地利用现状图进行拓扑叠加，对叠加图中的矢量线进行适当的删除；阐述了在计算机环境下，耕地分等参数计算模型建立的方法，并用FOXPRO6.0语言程序实现了参数计算的自动化；阐述了根据图形库特征编码表和建立绘图符号查找表，按不同图层叠加绘制成果图的方法，该过程用命令程序实现耕地等别图的输出。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

In this paper, firstly, not only the incidence matrix ,adjacent matrix, cycle matrix, cut-set matrix of an undirected graph are summarized, but also the close contact between a graph and its corresponding matrix are discussed ; secondly, many problems of a graph which are solved by analysing its matrix are listed as follows:1、The co-tree set of a graph is obtained by using its cycle-matrix ; 2、The branches of its spanning tree are given by using its cut-set matrix ; 3、By making use of the incidence matrix of a graph ,not only its vertex cut 、cut vertex 、isolated point and spanning tree can be obtained ,but also the two sides which are whether parallel or not can be judged ;4、By using their adjacent matrix ,the two graphes which are whether isomorphous or not can be judged; once more, there is a detailed introduction in view of special graph (for example: bigaritite graph ,regular graph and so on);last but not least, a graph method of calculating the N power of a matrix is given and the practical applications of the theorem for degree is indicated.

本文首先综述了无向图的关联矩阵，邻接矩阵，圈矩阵，割集矩阵以及图和它对应矩阵之间的关系；其次总结出了利用上述各类矩阵可以解决的图的若干问题：1、利用图的圈矩阵可以求其连枝集；2、利用图的割集矩阵可以求其生成树的树枝；3、利用图的关联矩阵不仅可以求其割点、点割集、连通度、孤立点和生成树，而且可以判断两条边是否平行；4、利用图的邻接矩阵可以判断两个图是否同构；再次，针对特殊图（例如：二分图、正则图等等）的邻接矩阵作了详细介绍；最后，得到了利用图计算矩阵的N次幂的方法，指出度数定理的实际应用。

the digitized mapping technique is to combine the field data collection system with the computer assisted mapping system in surveys by computer technology.it aims to realize the information collected and processed digitally and automaticaity.the digitized mapping technique can cut short the working time,lighten the labor intensity and enhance the precision of the productions.the system consists of three parts,such as data input,data processing and data output.the survey-record digitized mapping technique is widely used in the digitized mapping working pattern.for its superiority over traditional plane-table mapping in accuracy and efficiency,the large scale digital mapping is becoming more and more popular.compared with traditional analogue mapping,digital mapping has more quality control pivotai points,and its contents and methods are more complex.with the appearance of new technology gps ,the coordinate of different levels controlling points may be surveyed in high precision and it has been applied widely in topographic survey.the operation process of gps electronic tachometer is introduced and its application in topographic survey is br

计算机应用论文，计算机论文， rtk ，全站仪，数字测图，地形测量， gps论文摘要：数字测图是在测量工作中利用电子计算机技术将野外数据采集系统与内业机助制图系统相结合，其目标是实现信息采集处理的数字化、自动化、信息化。数字测图可以缩短作业时间，减轻劳动强度，提高成果精度。数字测图系统主要由数据输入、数据处理和数据输出3部分组成，数字测图作业模式中测记式数字测图应用最为广泛。大比例尺数字测图正以其测图精度高，成图速度快等优势逐步的取代传统的，以平板仪为主的模拟测图。与传统的模拟测图相比，数字测图的质量控制关键点更多、内容与方法更为复杂。gps 新技术的出现，可以高精度并快速地测定各级控制点的坐标，在地形测量中已得到广泛地应用。本文介绍了gps 配合全站仪的作业流程，简要阐明了其在地形测量中的应用。在利用实测数据成图的过程中，解决一些常见的问题，并给出解决的办法及依据，同时给出一些有益的结论，以适应实际使用的需要。

Some necessary conditions are obtained for sequential graphs, regular sequential graphs and Euler sequential graphs; several non-sequential graphs classes are showed for conglutinating graphs. The sequential graphs that contain even cycle with the same vertices have been constructed.

使用这种方法，得到了一般序列图、正则序列图、Euler序列图、圈的粘接序列图和圈的并序列图的必要条件，证明了边数为2k， k是奇数的Euler图是非序列图类，讨论了m个n圈的粘接图中的非序列图类；分析偶圈的特征，构造了偶圈的具有同顶点集的序列母图井给出其序列标号表达式。

The scroll paintings include 'One Hundred Tigers'(36000MM*700MM),'One Hundred Panders'(58000MM*700MM),'One Hundred Eagles'(12000MM*1500MM),'One Hundred Chickens'(12000MM*850MM),'One Hundred Horses'(26000MM*400MM),'One Hundred Donkeys'(26000MM*400MM),''One Hundred Sparrows'(12000MM*400MM),'One Hundred Shrimps'(8000MM*400MM),'One Hundred and Fifty-five Monarches'(50000MM*400MM, line drawing),'Twelve Beauties Wear Golden Hairpin'(500MM*520MM and 4000MM*680MM),'Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute'(8000MM*520MM),'The Story of the Stone'(9800MM*420MM and 9800MM*220MM),'One Hundred Buddhas','Ascending the River at Qingming Festival','Five hundreds Arhats','Shaolin Dharma Eighteen Palms','Eighty-seven Immortals','Shaolin Tongzi Kung Fu', four scroll of 'The Four Literature Masterpiece','The West Chamber','The Eight Fairies','Twelve Beauties in Red Mansions','The history of Han palace','Eighty Scholars','the justice victory', etc.

长卷有长36000MM*700MM的《百虎图》和长58000MM*700MM长的《百熊猫图》，长5M5000*3000MM的按中华人民共和国地图画的《百虎图》和长12000MM*1500MM《百鹰图》，长12000MM*850MM的《百鸡图》，长26000MM*400MM《百马图》，长26000MM*400MM的《百驴图》，长12000MM*400MM《百雀图》，长8000MM*400MM的《百虾图》，白描型的，长50000MM*400MM《一百五十五帝王图》，长500MM*520MM和4000MM*680MM的《十二金钗》，长8000MM*520MM《胡笳十八拍》，长9800MM*420MM和9800MM*220MM的《石头记》。《百佛图》。《清明上河图》，《五百罗汉》。《少林达魔十八手》。《八十七神仙图》。《少林童子功》。《四大名著》四样。《西厢记》。《八仙过海》。《红楼十二钗》。《红楼十二美》。《汉宫春秋》。《十八学士》。《正义胜利》等。

Design construction projects the main programming: the preparation of engineering design submissions Hospital Hospital project plan The total partition function of the Hospital Clinic at the walls between the structural engineering plans and details Hospital System Low Voltage Electrical Power Supply + Design Engineering IT system partition Fig T power of medical electrical equipment isolation hospital settings engineering drawings special UV lighting socket and weak institutional arrangements security system installations and lines of fire engineering drawings hospital integrated security access control system engineering drawings positive pressure medical oxygen delivery device engineering drawings HVAC heating ventilation and clean equipment UF works to the drainage and septic tanks Automatic disinfection equipment engineering drawings Hospital surgery, X-ray radiology, ICU, POD clean room design details of the Department of the hospital interior decoration Engineering Graphics Anti-X-ray radiation room, toilet, water tank waterproofing compound - the hospital doors and windows - out-patient cases, such as Taiwan, the design of the node map hospital project cost book.

建设项目设计图主编程：编制医院工程技术设计意见书医院工程功能分区总平面图医院诊室分间平面图和墙身结构工程详图医院低压电气系统图+隔离电源IT系统分区设计工程图医疗电器设备T电源隔离设置工程图医院照明插座和特殊UV机构设置弱电系统装置及线路设防工程图医院消防接控系统综合设防工程图医疗氧气正压配送装置工程图暖通热力通风和UF洁净设备工程图给排水和化粪池自动化消毒设备工程图医院手术、X光放射、ICU、POD部室洁净设计详图医院室内装饰装修工程图防X线辐射房间、卫生间、积水池复合防水-医院门窗-门诊台案等设计节点图医院工程造价书。

To help clarify the specifications during system design,图 3 1Figure 3-1 illustrates some of the specifications for a single-pole relay mounted on a card.

为了帮助读者在系统设计期间清晰地了解技术指标，图 3 1中举例说明了一块插卡上安装的一个单刀继电器的部分技术指标。

The dissertation details the functions and characteristic of curves graph element, polygon graph element, character graph element, dimension graph element, parameter graph element, self-define graph element, and research comprehensively the methods describe and graph element attrib. After discussing the basic graph element collection, this thesis gives the description method, organization way, graph element visitation, save and load efficiency, suitability and so on of every element in the basic graph element collection in greater detail. The author provides a graph element data structure organized version which is length changeable and is a block storage record, and designs a new module of data, which can process both the geometry attrib and no geometry attrib of drawing element. Based on this, the data model of all kind of element is put forward.

对采矿CAD系统中基本图元集的构造原则和组织方法进行了研究，提出了一个7元素采矿CAD基本图元集构造方案；论文详细讨论了曲线图元、字符图元、尺寸标注图元、多边形图元、参数图元、自定义图元在采矿CAD系统中的作用和特点，并对各种图元的表述方法和图元属性及相应的库组织方式、存取效率进行了深入的研究，提出了一个&可变长记录块&图元库结构组织方案；通过对采矿CAD系统中基本图元数据模型的构造方法、存取结构和访问方式的研究，给出了一个用C++语言描述的采矿CAD系统基本图元数据模型及其数据存取结构。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。