国际条例

Basing on a brief introduction on the background and principal of drafting, the paper employs regulation terms in detail to pursue its contribution. Then a full set of feature of manuscript and influence of industry development is worked out. In the last part, the paper makes an attempt to revise some law terms.

在分析《中华人民共和国国际海运管理条例》制定背景与起草原则的基础上，详细论述其框架结构和主要内涵，通过与相关法规比较，重点探讨它对我国海运立法的贡献，从而剖析《国际海运管理条例》的主要特征及对我国航运业发展的影响，并提出本人对修订和完善的若干建议，期望可以对完善我国海运立法尽绵薄之力。

The international freight forwarder market is ill-regulated at present and in particular, the international house B/L is virtually in a disorderly and ruleless situation with no effective regulation in place, resulting in rampant illicit operation. House B/L from abroad has been negotiable with no obstacle, leading to various potential risks. Though the Chinese government has enacted relevant interim regulation or administrative orders aiming to regulating the international freight forwarder and the house B/L, it has failed at large in turning around the messy market.

目前国际货运代理市场较为混乱，其中国际货运代理提单几乎处于管理无序和无法可依状态，非法经营现象屡禁不止，境外货代提单在流通中畅通无阻，危机四伏，虽然中国相关部门制定了相应的临时条例或行政命令来规范国际货运代理及货代提单，但对于混乱之市场状况，仍是杯水车薪。

Article 9 Where the branch established within China by an international ship agency operator or international ship management operator undertakes the relevant businesses, it shall meet the provisions of Articles 9 and 10 of the Shipping Regulations, and shall make registration in accordance with Articles 10 and 12 of the Shipping Regulations and Articles 7 and 8 of these implementation rules.

第九条 国际船舶代理经营者和国际船舶管理经营者在中国境内的分支机构经营相关业务的，应当符合《海运条例》第九条、第十一条的规定，并按照《海运条例》第十条、第十二条和本实施细则第七条、第八条的规定进行登记。

In China, according to domestic laws such as General Principles of Civil Law, Patent Act, Trademark Act, Copyright Act, Anti-Unfair Competition Act, Invention Incentive Ordinance, Computer Software Protection Ordinance, and New Plant Variety Protection Ordinance, and many international treaties joined by China, intellectual property include patent rights, trademark rights, copyrights, trade-secret rights, tradename rights, mask work rights and new plant variety rights.

根据《民法通则》《专利法》《商标法》《著作权法》《反不正当竞争法》《发明奖励条例》《计算机软件保护条例》《植物新品种保护条例》等国内法律法规的规定，以及中国加入的众多国际公约的要求，知识产权在中国的保护范围主要包括：专利权、商标权、著作权、商业秘密权、商号权、集成电路布图设计权和植物新品种权。

As the first basic legal instrument that the European Communities have ever adopted as secondary legislation, Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations is examined and commented comprehensively and in depth. With regard to Regulation's scope, the paper accentuates the former' s wide applicability while forecasts the perplexity Member States may have on the issue of their own independent contracting right in the international arena; on the provisions of the Regulation about the applicable law of torts or delicts, unjust enrichment, negotiorum gestic and culpa in contrahendo, and common provisions, the paper reveals the rationales and ideas implied thereof, while comments critically the relevant loopholes or ambiguities.

以欧共体首次颁布的《非合同义务法律适用条例》（文中简称《2007年罗马二号条例》）的法律结构为基本框架，首先分析该条例的适用范围及其与欧共体其他二级立法和国际公约之间的关系，突出显示其在适用方面的广泛性，同时也指出成员国今后在独立对外缔约权方面将会面临的困惑；然后，通过对该条例关于侵权或过失不法行为、不当得利、无因管理和缔约过失责任的法律适用，当事人的法律选择自由以及相关配套制度的全面系统分析，揭示其隐含的法律原则和价值理念，同时指出其存在的漏洞和模糊之处。

Third,international community has already proposed anti-monopoly law, we can make reference to European Anti-competition law,through case laws and mechanism,e.g.how to judge the monopoly behavious of corporations in the market,how to determine the corporation\'s leading position in the market,to monopolize the market through merger and acquisition of other corporations;besides,we can also make reference to law of other countries such as Fair Trading Act of the U.K.,the Competition Act of the U.K.,the Guidelines of merger in the U.S., Antitrust Act of the U.S.,the Guidelines of European Anti-trust laws, Guidelines on merger in European Union,and the Trade-Related Anti-Trust Measures,the Trade Related Investment Measures and etc.

第三，国际社会提出制定反垄断法的模式，我们可以参考欧盟垄断法，通过案例和机制，例如：怎样判定企业在市场的垄断行为、怎样界定市场支配地位、对公司通过合并与收购的行为来把市场垄断；再且，我们也会参考一些其它国家如英国公平贸易法、英国竞争法、美国的合并指引、美国垄断法、欧盟垄断法规指引、欧盟合并条例，还有《与贸易有关的及垄断措施协议》(Trade-Related Anti-Trust Measurers)、《与贸易有关的投资措施》(trade Related Investment Measures)等法规、条例来参考讨论。

As the first basic legal instrument that the European Communities have ever adopted as secondary legislation, Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations is examined and commented comprehensively and to depth. With regard to Regulation's scope, the paper accentuates the former's wide applicability while forecasts the perplexity Member States may have on the issue of their own independent contracting right in the international arena; on the provisions of the Regulation about the applicable law of torts or delicts, unjust enrichment, negotiorum gestio and culpa in contrahendo, and common provisions, the paper reveals the rationales and ideas implied thereof, while comments critically the relevant loopholes or ambiguities.

以欧共体首次颁布的《非合同义务法律适用条例》（文中简称《2007年罗马二号条例》）的法律结构为基本框架，首先分析该条例的适用范围及其与欧共体其他二级立法和国际公约之间的关系，突出显示其在适用方面的广泛性，同时也指出成员国今后在独立对外缔约权方面将会面临的困惑；然后，通过对该条例关于侵权或过失不法行为、不当得利、无因管理和缔约过失责任的法律适用，当事人的法律选择自由以及相关配套制度的全面系统分析，揭示其隐含的法律原则和价值理念，同时指出其存在的漏洞和模糊之处。

As the first basic legal instrument that the European Communities have ever adopted as secondary legislation,Regulation on the law applicable to non—contractual obligations is examined and commented comprehensively and in depth.With regard to Regulation's scope.the paper accentuates the former's wide applicability while forecasts the perplexity Member States may have on the issue of their own independent contracting right in the international arena;on the provisions of the Regulation about the applicable law of torts or delicts,unjust enrichment,negotiorum gestio and culpa in contrahendo,and common provisions,the paper reveals the rationales and ideas implied thereof,while comments critically the relevant loopholes or ambiguities.

以欧共体首次颁布的《非合同义务法律适用条例》（文中简称《2007年罗马二号条例》）的法律结构为基本框架，首先分析该条例的适用范围及其与欧共体其他二级立法和国际公约之间的关系，突出显示其在适用方面的广泛性，同时也指出成员国今后在独立对外缔约权方面将会面临的困惑；然后，通过对该条例关于侵权或过失不法行为、不当得利、无因管理和缔约过失责任的法律适用，当事人的法律选择自由以及相关配套制度的全面系统分析，揭示其隐含的法律原则和价值理念，同时指出其存在的漏洞和模糊之处。

Wade, I issued executive orders ending the Reagan-Bush ban on fetal-tissue research; abolishing the so-called Mexico City rule, which prohibited federal aid to international planning agencies that were in any way involved in abortions; and reversing the Bush gag rule barring abortion counseling at family planning clinics that receive federal funds.

下午我发布行政令，终止了里根和老布什政府对胎盘组织研究的禁令，废除了所谓的《墨西哥城条例》。这一条例禁止联邦政府向与堕胎有任何关联的国际计划生育机构提供援助。我还撤消了老布什颁布的&禁言令&，即任何接受联邦补助的计划生育诊所都不得提供堕胎方面的建议。

In order to deal with WEEE and POHS instructions, AOV has become China's State General Administration of Quality Supervision,"Detection of Hazardous Substances Working Group," and the Chinese Ministry of Information Industry,"Electronic Products Pollution Control Standard Working Group," the director of a member of the joint domestic and foreign industry, academia, research with such enterprises, to start the relevant standard of research and revision, in particular the urgent need to accelerate the development of industrial materials, processes, terminology, testing methods and experimental methods and other basic standards; research and the establishment in compliance with international regulations and China's national conditions of electronic electrical equipment pollution control standards, and better serve the community and give something back to society!

为了应对WEEE和POHS指令，AOV已成为中国国家质监总局《有害物质检测方法工作组》和中国信息产业部《电子产品污染防治标准工作组》的主任成员，将联合国内外产、学、研、用等企事业单位，展开相关的标准研究和修订工作，特别是加快制定产业急需的材料、工艺、名词术语、测试方法和实验方法等基础标准；研究和建立符合国际条例和中国国情的电子电气设备污染防治标准体系，更好地服务社会，回馈社会！

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。