国有

By analyzing the competitive situation of representative State-owned banks such as Bank of China, ICBC( Industrial and Commercial Bank of China), China Construction Bank and Agricultural Bank of China,this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Chin...

论文探讨了竞争力的一般理论及商业银行竞争力分析体系，与外资银行相比较分析了国有商业银行竞争力的优势和劣势，指出了国有商业银行面临的机遇和挑战，提出了提高国有商业银行竞争力的对策建议。

In the chapter of improving banking supervision, we analyze the games with complete and incomplete information between supervisors and banks, and their strategies therein during the operating and market exiting stages. We come to the conclusion that in the long run, the supervision of operational risks should progress from direct surveillance to indirect surveillance. In the chapter of incentives and constraints, we first discuss the reform of personnel system (non- monetary rewards and punishments) and salary system in the SOBs, demonstrated with an optimal model. Then we show that it is feasible for senior executives of SOBs to bear a part of operational risk loss through a model of guarantee and compensation. It is a bold attempt in current situation when domestic liability insurance market is still not mature.

银行业监管一章，我们通过设计一组监管部门与国有商业银行的完全信息和不完全信息博弈，分析了它们在运营阶段和市场退出阶段的政策选择，并提出了对操作风险的监管在长期要实现从"直接监管"到"间接监管"的转变；激励约束一章，我们首先讨论了国有商业银行的人事制度与薪酬制度改革，并通过一个最优化模型给予说明，然后设计了一个操作风险损失保证金与赔偿金模型来说明让国有商业银行高级管理人员负担一部分操作风险损失的可行性。

It is accomplished that our state special banks changed to state commercial banks, managing behavior marketed element aggravated, the colure of administration drawn back, especially under the situation of global economy incorporated today, the case of international finance crisis occurring more often and impact that we facing from international banks after China enter the WTO, all ask state commercial banks have to envisage the problem of managing risk and improve the ability of identify and control risk as soon as possible.

我国国有专业银行向国有商业银行转轨过程已经完成，经营行为市场化成分加重，行政化色彩退却，尤其是在目前全球经济一体化格局下，国际金融危机事件频频发生的现状和中国在加入世贸组织后面临来自国际银行业的冲击，均要求国有商业银行必须正视经营风险问题并且尽快提高风险识别和控制能力。

The theory of "harmonious forest farm" reckons that:①State-owned forest farm is an exoteric complex-system, which is the coupling of forest ecosystem, forestry economic system, and social system in forest farm;②Harmonious forest farm is the farm constructed under the background of socialist market economy and building a moderately prosperous society;③The features of "harmonious forest farm" are the development of production, the prosperity of life and good ecological environment;This farm is a modern state-owned forest farm, the symbols of which are the high value of itself, the good benefits of wokers and the abundance of forest resources;④The key of it is the harmony of farm and society, farm and environment as well as farmitself——that is to say,"harmonious forest farm" should aim to meet the needs of the country and thesociety; forest management should put maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, forest ecosystem health and integrity to the center; inside the forest farm, there should form the mechanism of balancing interests and learning mechanism for sharing at the core of the executive feedback mechanism of forest management, advancing the workers to form a comradely mutual aid relationship.

其要点是：①国有林场是开放的复杂系统，它由森林生态系统、林业经济系统、林场社会系统耦合而成；②和谐林场是在社会主义市场经济和全面建设小康社会背景下建设的林场；③和谐林场是以生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好为特征，以国有林场价值高、林场职工福利好、森林资源丰富为标志的现代国有林场；④和谐林场的关键是要求林场与社会、林场与环境以及林场自身达到和谐，即"和谐林场"必须以满足国家与社会的需求为目的，在森林资源经营上，始终以维持与提高生物多样性、森林生态系统的健康与完整为中心，在林场内部形成以森林经营方案执行反馈机制为核心的利益均衡机制和学习共享机制，促进林场干部职工形成同志式互助关系。

This thesis adopts foreign successful experiences on disposing of non-performing asset and brings forward conceivability to accelerating the reform of state-owned commercial banks, which uses bondly institutional, organizational, marketable and financial operational innovation by analyzing the conditions of non-performing asset, deeper forming reasons and the experiences and lessons disposing of them. Then we should sustaining enrich the approaches and means of disposing of non-performing asset, and shape a new system and market, and its aim is to accelerate economic development and to reduce financial risk, and to ensure moderate and persistent development of state-owned commercial banks.

本文在吸收借鉴国外处置不良资产成功经验的基础上，通过分析国内不良资产的现状、形成的深层次原因、处理不良资产的经验教训，提出了大胆利用制度创新、组织创新、市场创新、金融业务创新加速国有商业银行不良资产处置的操作构想，通过不断丰富不良资产处置的途径与手段，形成全新的制度与市场，以达到标本兼治的目的，旨在使国有商业银行更好的促进经济发展的同时，降低资产风险，保障国有商业银行的稳健运营、持续发展。

As for the first conclusion, the authors explanation is that the government, especially local government, helped the state-owned listed company to get more money on IPO market with its strong desire because of the filiation between government and state-owned company, so the state-owned assets can get higher IPO price.

对于IPO定价更高的解释是，政府与国有企业之间的"父子情结"使得政府有强烈的意愿让国有企业在一级市场融得更多的资金，由此使得国有企业在IPO价格上定价更高。

This thesis seeks for the reforming and developing direction to the state-owned enterprises based on the human capital investment. In this thesis, it is one of the basic studies that researching the theory of human capital investment systemically and the theoretical frame of the human capital investment on enterprises, and the other is analyzing the problems on the human capital investment and finding out the method to settle those problems.

基于上述原因，笔者将"我国国有企业的人力资本投资问题研究"作为毕业论文的研究课题，试图从人力资本投资的角度出发，来探索我国国有企业的改革与发展之路，并把研究重点放在了两个方面：一是系统研究人力资本相关理论及企业人力资本投资的理论框架，二是针对我国国有企业的实际情况，分析其在人力资本投资过程中存在的问题及解决办法。

The main research points are municipal local government state-owned assets business budget research, the comparison and choice of local state-owned assets enterprises budge designing methods, the research of state-owned authorized enterprises budget, classified budget responsibilities of principal body and definition of rights, giving consideration to both budget laws, and enterprises laws, seeking the combination of infelicity and flexibility of budget.

将重点从以下方面进行研究：市一级地方政府国有资产经营预算研究，地方国有资产经营公司一级预算编制方法的比较和选择，国有授权经营单位的经营预算的研究，各级预算编制主体的责任和权利的界定，并兼顾预算法、公司法等法规的要求，寻求预算刚性和柔性结合点等。

By these means , it bind some persons in very important things, such as the use of fund,producing , chistribution of income and the system of personaal placement . To establish a group of enterprise managing persons with high quality, we also need graducally deepen .the reform of presonel system instate enterprise , and form a good social enviroment for the maraging persons in state enterprise through the reform of system .methods and markets and so on.

建设一支高素质的企业经营管理者队伍，需要在建立和健全国有企业经营管理者激励和约束机制的同时，还需要不断深化国有企业人事制度改革，从体制、方法和培育市场等方面改革入手，为国有企业经营管理者创造一个良好的社会环境。

After the implement of the Provision of the Ministry of Finance on Improving and Strengthening the Administration of Annual Accounting Statement Audit, the Interim Measure of Ministry of Finance on State-Owned Enterprises Annual Accounting Statement Examined by the CPA (Cai Jing Zi [1998] No.114), Circular of Ministry of Finance on State-Owned Enterprises Annual Accounting Statement Examined by the CPA Cai Qi [2000] No.

关于改进和加强企业年度会计报表审计工作管理的若干规定》施行后，财政部《关于印发国有企业年度会计报表注册会计师审计暂行办法》（财经字［1998］114号）、《关于国有企业年度会计报表注册会计师审计若干问题的通知》（财企［2000］905号）和《财政部关于国有企业年度会计报表注册会计师审计若干问题的补充通知》（财企［2001］707号）同时废止。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。