国有

At present, state-owned enterprises are in a dilemma that, on one hand, enterprises fail to develop without various kinds of talents; On the other hand, for the reason of low-leveled company management, the reasonable mobility of state-owned employees cannot achieve both in talent business and in the inner part of enterprises; as a result, the competition of the enterprises comes down.

目前，我国很多国有企业处于一种尴尬境地，一方面，企业效益滑坡、人才流失严重，造成了国有企业人才短缺与企业发展急需各种人才之间的矛盾；另一方面，由于企业管理水平低下，使得企业与人才市场之间以及企业内部各部门之间人员不能合理流动，造成企业竞争力下降。

Thus, this thesis tries to construct a system of the top mangers ethical quality, in order to develop Chinese business ethics and promote the reform of the SOEs.

因此，本文试图构建一个中国国有企业高层管理者的伦理素质框架结构，为建设有中国特色的企业伦理，为国有企业的改革与发展提供一点思考。

However, Arvind Subramanian, an economist at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington, DC, points out that China's ability to sustain its exchange rate stems in part from "financial repression and autocracy". When China sterilises the monetary impact of rising reserves, its central bank pays interest of only about 2% on the bills that domestic state-owned banks are forced to buy, considerably less than the interest it earns on American Treasury bonds.

然而，华盛顿哥伦比亚特区DC彼得森国际经济研究所的经济学家Arvind Subramanian指出，中国有能力维持其汇率制度，部分原因是其&金融抑制和集权统治&中国消除不断增加的外汇储备对其货币流通影响时，其央银发行的债券，其它国有银行必须购买，利息仅为2％，比其所购买的美国债券利息低得多。

In the third chapter, the author studies the environments of SOHs development in the aspects of regulation, market, technology as well as motivation and behaviors of the favored party.

本章的创新观点有：全球化背景和市场化进程双重影响下的中国国有饭店& M &形制度变迁趋势；区域竞争主导下的集团化运动；以及来源于第一手调研资料的对国有饭店利益相关者的现实心态和行为研究。

In regard to the above, this dissertation bring up some methods to enhance Chinese commercial banks efficiency: establishing an efficient market structure of commercial banking industry , refounding a good profit-making model, reconstructing banking organization and reforming the property-rights structure of Stated-Own commercial banks.

针对上述原因，本文提出了提升我国商业银行效率的主要途径：构建有效的银行业市场结构、重塑商业银行盈利模式、重构国有商业银行组织形式以及对国有商业银行进行有效的产权改革。

Firstly, it lists the positive significance of Chinese state-owned enterprise in MBO. And then it concludes the overall features of Chinese state-owned enterprise in MBO and the legal quagmires which are narrow operation space and nonstandard process etc.Part IV: suggestion for consummating MBO legal system.

首先列举了我国国有企业实施管理层收购的积极意义，然后通过分析我国管理层收购不同发展时期的典型案例，归纳出我国国有企业管理层收购的总体特征以及存在操作空间狭小、过程不规范等法律困境。

He has also promised to privatise state-owned banks and other businesses .

他还曾经承诺进行国有银行和其它国有企业的私人化。

Witnessed by Chinese Premier Wen and Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, Minister Liu signed "Agreement Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Russian Federation on Jointly Building, Using, Managing, and Safeguarding the Railway Bridge Across the Border River of Heilongjiang Linking Tongjiang City of Heilongjiang Province of the People's Republic of China with Nizhneleninskoye in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast of the Russian Federation" with Russian Transport Minister Igor Levitin in Moscow on October 28th.

10月27日至31日，在国务院总理温家宝对俄罗斯进行正式访问并举行中俄总理第十三次定期会晤、对哈萨克斯坦进行正式访问并出席上海合作组织成员国总理第七次会议期间，陪同出访的铁道部部长刘志军，10月28日在莫斯科，由温家宝总理和俄罗斯总理普京见证，与俄罗斯运输部部长列维京签署了《中华人民共和国政府和俄罗斯联邦政府关于共同建设、使用、管理和维护中华人民共和国黑龙江省同江市—俄罗斯联邦犹太自治州下列宁斯阔耶居民点区域内黑龙江铁路界河桥的协定》；10月31日在阿斯塔纳，由温家宝总理和哈萨克斯坦总理马西莫夫见证，与哈萨克斯坦铁路国有股份公司总裁马明签署了《中华人民共和国铁道部和哈萨克斯坦铁路国有股份公司合作备忘录》。

The dissertation begins with the investigation of the fruitful research on function of debt governance in developed countries such as UK, US, Japan and Germany, and attempts to fill some important gaps in our understanding of inefficient investment controlling function, bankruptcy threat function and function of creditor's participating in corporate governance; Second, Theoretical and empirical study is done on whether three functions of debt governance can work well in state-owned listed companies. The result shows that so far the function of debt governance can't work well as expected; Third, after examining the special institutional background of China, the dissertation argues, grounded on the research results, that the essential institutional reasons include creditors and debtors being "quasi" market participants, the "quasi-equal" debtor-creditor relationships and the "quasi" market rules; Finally, it comes to the conclusion that the fundamental methods to change the situation are to encourage the supervision of banks, to deepen the reform of state-owned companies and to fulfill the outside institutional requirements for guaranteeing the function of debt governance.

文章首先借鉴英美、日德等发达国家对债权治理功效的已有研究成果，总结归纳出负债抑制非效率投资功效、负债的破产威胁功效以及债权人直接介入公司治理功效；其次，分别对三大债权治理功效在我国国有控股上市公司中能否发挥作用进行理论解析和实证检验，研究发现，目前我国企业债权治理功效不能发挥应有的作用；再次，针对研究结论，从我国特有的制度背景出发，分析其症结，认为我国目前的债权债务双方的&准&市场主体、债权债务双方的&准&平等关系、&准&市场游戏规则是导致债权治理功效不能发挥作用的根本制度原因；最后，提出解决对策，认为增强银行的监督激励、深化国有企业的改革以及实现债权治理功效的外在制度要求是债权治理功效发挥作用的根本途径。

The regulator said private investors would be allowed to operate as minority partners of state-owned groups, ending years of quasi-legal publishing by independent houses that spend up to Rmb1bn ($146m) a year to buy or rent International Standard Book Numbers from the state companies to which they are issued.

新闻出版总署表示，将允许私人投资者成为国有集团占少数权益的合伙人，从而结束了独立出版工作室多年的半合法出版地位。独立出版工作室每年从国有企业购买或租用国际标准书号的费用多达10亿元人民币（合1.46亿美元）。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐