国有

The chapter describes the state owned commercial bank current situation, the key issues faced, pointing out the shortage of property right system, management system, organization system, badness assets and capital abundance ratio, etc., drawing the conclusion that the stock systematic reform is the outlet of state owned commercial bank reform.

在股份制具体形式的选择上，通过对两类股份制公司形式的比较，论证股份有限公司制是国有商业银行股份制改革的最佳模式，并认为在组织形式上应由总分行制改为集团公司制；在产权结构上，探讨了只有建立现代商业银行制度，才能真正实现国有商业银行的产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学；在公司治理模式上，强调建立真正的法人治理结构，较为详细地介绍了国有商业银行的股东大会、董事会、监事会等组织结构框架及作用；最后探讨了国有商业银行股份制改革需要注意的几个问题及风险防范。

And it is also the precondition on the reformation of administrant system of State-owned Enterprise to design the modern enterprise system.

国有产权转让是促进国有资产合理流动，实施国有经济布局和结构战略性调整的重要手段，也是当前改革国有企业管理制度，构建现代企业制度的前提条件。

It uses the subjective game model to analyze the Chinese finance institution reform from government appropriation to bank lending, and uses the moral hazard model to analyze the non-stock-market state-owned enterprises manager skulduggery behavior for obtaining the bank loan. At last, the paper uses the reputation effects model to analyze the 'prisoner dilemma' problem because SOE high-debt made the bank reduction loan.

通过建立主观博弈模型分析了在我国融资体制从财政拨款融资到银行贷款融资的变革过程中的非上市国有企业高负债型资本结构的历史成因；对当前市场信用缺失的现实原因，通过建立不完全信息博弈的道德风险模型分析了非上市国有企业的经理人员为了获取国有银行的贷款采取谎报利润、贿赂等道德风险行为；以及建立声誉效应模型分析由于非上市国有企业的信誉缺失，造成银行"惜贷"现象的囚徒困境问题。

First I definite residual claim right, the residual claims and residual right of control, the state holding companies and corporation father structure; for getting some things of use for reference to the state holding companies I particularly contrast southeast Asian fathering structure, Britain -American father structure and Japanese-German fathering structure. Then the article reviews the development course of the state holding companies and open out profundity causes which are very concentrative property rights, syncopate government and firm decision- making, excessive agency and cost on the high side and so on.

全文从"剩余索取权和控制权"、"国有控股公司"、"法人治理结构"等概念入手，通过详细对比东南亚、英美和日德三种模式，以吸取对我国国有控股公司改革有借鉴意义的东西；接着回顾了我国国有控股公司产生、发展历程，揭示出我国国有控股公司治理结构不完善的深层次原因是产权过分集中、决策政企合一，代理层次过多、代理成本偏高，内部人为控制严重等等。

To tackle the badness loan existing in Chinese bank, we must unchain the concealed agreement relationship between the government, state-owned company and the bank, and make innovation to the property right system of state-owned company and state-owned bank, then we can strengthen the risk management and put an end to the badness loan when building up an excellent exterior business circumstance and constructing a perfect interior business system.

对国有商业银行体系剩余不良债权的化解，主要是借鉴国际经验，实行国际资产证券化。解决我国银行不良贷款问题，就要解除政府、国有企业和银行之间三重隐合约关系，进行国有企业和国有商业银行的产权改革，营造优良的外部经营环境、构建完善的内部经营机制，解决银行不良贷款存量的同时，加强风险管理，杜绝不良贷款新增流量的发生。

Third, the key of the reform is to improve autogenetic ability of state banks, and this needs a lot of time.

文章主要观点有三：第一，制度变迁具有内在渐进性的逻辑，国有银行改革作为一种制度变迁也必然遵循这一基本逻辑；第二，转轨经济下国有银行并非完全缺乏效率，这使得国有银行改革事实上并非像一些人所想象的那么急迫；第三，国有银行改革的关键是提高自生能力，而这恰恰需要时间。

By means of a comparative analysis of the state -owned enterprises' operating conducts in two systems,and in the lisht of the socialist moral codes of collectivism,this paper probes into the moral implications of the state-owned businesses' operating conducts in different systems,and it mainly treats of the combination of the operating conducts and the collectivist principles and the causes of the Coss of the moral codes of State-owned enterprises

本文通过对国有企业的经营行为在两种体制下的比较分析，依据集体主义的社会主义道德原则，探讨国有企业经营行为在不同体制下的道德含义，着重分析了不同体制下的国有企业经营行为和集体主义原则的结合，以及国有企业道德失范的原因。

This paper first under the new situation and state-owed commercial banks internal control deficiencies in elaborate,reveals state-owed commercial bank controlled by the status que,then the impack State-owed commercial banks within the control of the main factors of the last corresponding effective solution.

本文首先对新形势下加强和完善国有商业银行内部控制制度建设的必要性进行分析，接着对国有商业银行内部控制的不足方面进行阐述，揭示国有商业银行内部控制的现状，然后对影响国有商业银行内部控制的主要因素进行分析，最后提出相应的有效的解决对策。

As local State-owned Assets Management system is an important part of the SOAM system, the system reform of Local SOAM is also an important part of that of SOAM, which affects Whether the whole SOAM system reform succeeds or not.

地方国有资产管理体系是整个国有资产管理体系的重要组成部分，地方国有资产管理体制改革也是国有资产管理体制改革的重要内容之一，其成功与否关系到整个国有资产管理体制改革的成败。

On the bases of investigating and grasping the materials about the AHPPEs, AHPPEs' developing situation is analyzed completely in this article on vertical direction of time order and horizontal direction of department, in the meantime, material buying process, capital's using rate, and product selling process are also analyzed completely. Pointing out because the differences of owning right among State-Operated Enterprises, Collectively Operated Enterprises and Privately Operated Enterprises, there are differences in the producing behavior and trade development.A. According to the theory of producer behavior, POEs is on the way from stageⅠto stage Ⅱ,economic interests increasing;COEs is on the end of stageⅡ,economic interests decreasing;SOEs on stage Ⅲ,economic interests is negatively increasing.Model analyzing method shows that scale economic doesn't exist in SOEs and COEs, but POEs is the reverse.B. Different owning right enterprises have great differences in the respect of capital scale,product making and selling processes, at last SOEs and COEs' economic interests is much less than that of POEs. Scale economic doesn't exist in SOEs and COEs, POEs have the potential of developing scale economic, furthermore, the new-coming horizontal in the horizontal structure have the good situation.

在跟踪调查掌握资料的基础上，文章对该区农畜产品加工企业的发展状况从时间序列的纵向和行业结构的横向进行了比较分析，同时又从原材料购买过程、资金的利用效率以及产品的销售过程等各个方面进行了全方位地剖析，指出由于企业存在着国有、集体和民营产权类型的不同，导致生产行为和行业发展存在着差异：A、生产者行为理论分析总结出，民营企业正在处于第Ⅰ阶段向第Ⅱ阶段的过度区，经济效益上升；集体企业处于第Ⅱ阶段的末端，经济效益下降；国有企业处于第Ⅲ阶段，经济效益负增长。B、不同产权企业在资金规模，产品的生产和售卖过程上存在着很大不同，最终导致国有和集体企业经济效益比民营企业要差得多，用模型方法分析得出结论：国有企业和集体企业都不存在规模经济，而民营企业存在规模经济的发展潜力，并且在行业结构中属于民营产权的新兴行业发展状况良好。C、行业间也存在着很大的不同：集体企业的优势行业是制酒、粮食加工和肉食品加工等行业；民营企业的优势在皮件类、服装、粮食加工和制酒等行业；国有企业当中食品加工、肉食品加工和食品冷库类是优势行业。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。