国家体制

In the background dependence of political civilization,from the mercy and bounty of governor to the enjoyment and request of own rights embodies the efforts and struggles of the proletariat in order to constitute the socail assistance legal institutions,which offers the room of political system where the social assistance legal institutions are able to exist and develop and strengthen;In the background dependence of economic system,the simple truth which the economic foundation determines the superstructure exerts its advancing logic concretely and really,where the gap between the poor and the rich will be widened continuely in the condition of market economy,and the dependence on the social assistance legal institutions for the poor will be more rainforced,and the request of rights for social assistance will become intense increasingly;In the background dependence of cultural tradition,the relief ideology such as Great Harmony Society,the ideality of equal wealth and the pursuit of the idea that those who have no kin and cann't support themselves can all be cultivated and so on which goes back to ancient times has been depositted into a luscious cultural tradition and Confucianism allegates implementing the humanity politics and sparkplugs cultivating and compensating people,which results in the thoughts of taking civilian as the foundation that occupy the inrooted station in Chinese culture,and the arrangements of social assistance legal institutions response the continue of renation in Chinese traditional culture;In the background dependence of internationalization,the ideaistic assimilation and the spread of arterial values quicken the speed of civilized fusion,and the social assistance legal institutions should response positively the relative legislative concept and methods which the world has achieved the common understanding on the base of using initialively the legislative experiences in the developed country and the ones where the relative institutions reach a better performance for reference.

政治文明背景依赖方面，由统治者怜悯、恩赐到自己权利的享有和诉求，本身就体现出无产阶级为建立社会救助法律制度所付出的努力和奋斗，因此社会救助法律制度完全具有自己存在、发展和壮大的政治体制空间；经济体制背景依赖方面，经济基础决定上层建筑的朴实真理具体而实在地发挥着自己的演进逻辑，市场经济条件下贫富差距会继续扩大，贫困居民对社会救助法律制度的依赖会进一步加强，其社会救助权诉求也将会变得日益强烈；文化传统背景依赖方面，大同社会、均贫富理想、鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养的追求等中国源源流长的救济思想都已经沉淀为一种浓厚的文化传统，儒家思想主张实施仁政，倡导养民、恤民，民本思想在中国文化中占据着根深蒂固的地位，社会救助法律制度安排回应了中国传统文化脉络的延续；国际化背景依赖方面，观念的同化和主流价值观的流播，使文明的互融速度加快，社会救助法律制度需要主动借鉴发达国家以及相关制度具有较好绩效国家的立法经验，积极回应全球已达成共识的社会救助立法理念和方法。

Therefore, we should proke into historical causes and practical imperfections of China's financial legislation from a historical perspective. Thus we can put forward constructive proposals that would push the reforms of financial system forward and make the financial legislation perfect by comparing with

因此以发展的、历史的眼光，在比较的基础上总结发达国家与制度转型国家的金融立法经验，探询中国金融立法不完善的历史原因和现实不足，提出推进金融体制改革、完善金融立法的建议，对我国金融立法的理论发展和金融体制改革大有裨益。

By this time, a series of reformative measures have been made on the investment system, and we have gained some primary effect.

建国至今，国家对投资体制实施了一系列改革，取得了初步的成果，但是现行投资体制仍存在着深层次的矛盾，一些根本性的问题还没有解决。

No one knew for sure who 'Historian' was when he started rubbishing the books of rival historians on Amazon and praising the work of Orlando Figes , Russian specialist and history professor at Birkbeck College, London, although many suspected the reviewer was Prof Figes.

吴敬琏，1930年1月24日生于南京。1948年考取金陵大学文学院，因病于1950年正式入学，入学后转入经济系学习。1952年高等院校调整，金陵大学经济系并入上海复旦大学经济系。1953年大学毕业，1954年分配到中国科学院经济研究所。1955-1956年跟后来在柯西金时期成为著名改革派经济学家的前苏联专家阿·毕尔曼学习，研究企业财务和国家财政问题。1956-1957年参加全国范围的体制调查和体制改革研究。

But for those countries which are buildingmodern political system and economic system according to therequirements of democratic politicat and commodity economy,imperfectand uncomplete of the new system itself provide opportunities forcorruption behaviours.

而对于那些正在建立与民主政治和商品经济发展要求相适应的现代政治和经济体制的国家来说，新体制本身的不完善、不配套为腐化分子提供了可乘之机。

The same economic reforms that have made China the world's fastest growing economy have created a two-tiered property system that favors city dwellers while handicapping the farmers once at the core of this society.

经济改革使中国成为世界上发展最快的国家，也造成了一个双重的房产体制。这个体制让城市居民受益，却让曾处于这个社会核心的农民吃亏。

Firstly, based on the individualism and social spontaneous order, Hayek reconstructed and supplements the premise of the classical liberalism, and redemonstrated the legitimacy of nation to exist; Secondly, Hayek criticized the ideology of the legal positivism and reconstructed the system of constitutionalism; At last, the author makes some simple criticism on Hayek's theory.

本文的主要内容包括以下几个方面：第一，哈耶克对古典自由主义的前提进行重建与补充，即把国家理论奠基于个人主义与社会自发秩序两大前提之上，重新论证了国家的合法性；第二，哈耶克通过对法律实证主义思想的批判，对宪政体制进行了重构；同时他还对国际关系中的国家也作了一些探讨；第三，本文对哈耶克的理论作了一些简单的评述。

Then, it approaches systematically the theoretic evidence of China's reform on the system of socialist state—owned assets management and operation by analyzing China's tranditional socialist system of state—owned assets and managment retrospecting China's practice on the reform of the system of state —owned assets all these years.

本文试图运用马克思主义的基本原理和邓小平理论，在比较借鉴不同国家国有资产管理、营运体制及其改革模式的成果的基础上，探讨建立我国新型的、适应市场经济发展需要的社会主义国有资产管理、营运体制。

Japan is one of the maturest financial system nation in the world,financial supervision absorbing advanced system and the legal frame from the United Kindom and America,combining the national condition to form suitable financial supervision system, has bright achievement.

日本是世界上拥有最成熟金融体制的国家之一，金融监管在吸收英美先进制度和法律框架的基础上，结合本国的国情形成了适合自身发展的金融监管的体制，并取得了骄人的成绩。

The existence of outer power stayed in Arab world destroys union of geography, society, economy, culture and spirits of Arab world, separates the connection of different regions, obstacles development of Arab unity movement which is thought to be outer factors. However, deeper reasons should be found in inner world. Inner reasons include that political structure of Arab world and deeply dispute weakens the base of Pan-Arabism movement. In local region, the thoughts of Religious Minorities and Sectarianism deny and destroy Arab nationalism movement and its premise-the sincerity of country. Some non-Arab nations pursuit the unity of theirs own not the whole Arab nations. Regional Nationalism and Islamism obstacle the development of Pan-Arab unity movement Weak sovereignty of Arab countries and diverse political rules weaken the political base of movement of Pan-Arab unity. Unbalance of economy, culture and base of society between different regions also lag the unified movement.

内因包括：阿拉伯世界的政治结构和王朝间的利益纷争削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的群众基础和民族基础；在局部地区，宗教少数派及其宗派主义思想不断地否定和破坏阿拉伯民族主义运动及其前提——对祖国的忠诚；阿拉伯世界中一些非阿拉伯民族的独立诉求挑战地区的统一；地区民族主义和伊斯兰主义阻碍了泛阿拉伯统一运动的开展；孱弱的国家主权限制了阿拉伯国家在民族事务上的能动性，而多样的政治体制则削弱了泛阿拉伯统一的政治建构基础；阿拉伯各地区或国家间经济、文化和社会发展的不平衡以及整体上的滞后削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的经济、文化和社会基础，等等。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失