国家体制

This paper traces the history of America's drug regulatory regime change from the perspective of institutional change. It argues that this centurial history can be divided into three regimes: ex-post regulatory regime, ex-ante regulatory regime and process regulatory regime.

本文从制度变迁史的角度，对美国联邦政府药品规管体制的百年变迁历史进行了梳理，并结合风险规管本身的特征，将其划分为事后型规管、事前型规管和全过程规管三个阶段，力图展现出现代风险社会中规管型国家起源和发展的基本轨迹，反映出国家对商业社会、工业社会和信息社会三种不同社会形态下社会风险的规管模式。

The organization and management system with high-centralized state power had been set up in the countryside after new China was founded, especially after people\'s communalization.

在这一体制中，国家通过对政治、经济、文化资源的控制，强制人们合作，农民合作问题实质上变成了国家的一个组织问题。

After the reform of the economic system, the economic system of our country is the transition from has been changed from planned economy into market economy, it has broken the pattern that resources is distributed unitedly by the country originally, and the market leads the distribution of resources.

在就业体制中，农民不是国家认可的就业主体，与城镇居民相比，农民的就业地位是不平等的，这种不平等的就业地位是由国家在就业中将城镇居民和农村居民按照户籍身份进行区分，并给予不同的就业政策造成的。

For example, both the Common Law systems and the Civil Law systems own a selecting system of judge, safeguarding system of judge andsupervising system which are suitable for their own legality tradition: the independence of judge, the strictly system of selecting and appointing of judge, the strictly system of guarantee of judge, such as the right guarantee of judge, the economic guarantee of judge, the diplomatic immunity system of judge, the strictly impeaching and punishing system of judge and so on.

例如无论大陆法系国家还是英美法系国家，都有一套系统的与本国法治传统相配套的法官选拔制度、法官保障制度和符合审判自身规律的监督制约机制：确立法官独立；担任法官的条件苛刻；任命程序特别严格；法官保障体制系统且严密，诸如法官的身份保障制度、法官的经济保障制度、法官的豁免权制度等；严格的弹劾惩戒程序。

To make matters worse, about half of the global rice trade is run by politicized state trading boards.

当一个国家的大米出口与达到零交易或负交易时，这是以其他国家的损失为代价的，这对当今这个经济全球化的贸易体制都是极为不利的。

The plan splits the State Power Company and regroups its assets into the State Power Net Company, the Southern Power Net Company, and four or five other individual electricity generators.

2002 年 4 月 11 日国务院批准的电力体制改革方案，将从纵横双向彻底拆分国家电力公司，重组国电系统的发电和电网资产，成立国家电网公司、南方电网公司以及四到五家独立发电集团。

The system of government audit, based on national political and economic situation, is the form that systematizes the relationships among different levels and organs of audit authority in accordance with laws and regulations.

摘 要：政府审计体制，是国家根据政治、经济发展的需要，通过法律法规等程序，将国家审计机关中各层次、各部门之间的关系予以制度化的表现形式。

Due to the change of the main body of power and functions caused by internal contra- diction of public owiership,its property right structure is manifested as an organic system fonned by ownership, right of possession and right of man- agement, among which ownership plays a main role, dominates and super- vises the function of the other two rights....

其中，所有权居于主导地位，控制并监督其它两项权利的运行。传统体制下，受文化和理论的双重影响，公有制畸变为国家所有制，行使占有权的国家机构变成所有权主体，这成为国有企业的症结所在。国有企业出现所有者缺位、经营权改革无法到位以及巨额国有资产流失等诸多问题。为保证经济的健康发展，必须在确立劳动者的个人所有权基础上重建国有企业产权体系。为此，人民代表大会、国有资产占有委员会、国有资产经营公司、企业成为构建国企产权体系的重要环节。

Culture security is defined that the functional order of the national culture system, mechanism, sequence based on national mainstream of core value,are free from interruption, erosion , destruction, and also including the integrality, organic whole of the national culture sovereignty, culture interest ,culture dignity and so on.

文化安全是指一个国家以主流价值体系为核心的各种文化体制、机制、秩序的运行常态及其所标示的国家文化主权、文化利益及文化尊严的完整性、有机性不被国内外不良因素所干扰、妨碍、侵蚀与破坏。

After World War II, each main capitalist country extensively carried out the Keynes's dirigisme.

二战后，各主要资本主义国家普遍实行凯恩斯主义的国家干预经济体制。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。