国家主义的

The evolution of development economics is closely related to the development of economic globalization , particularly at the third phase(in 1940's) of economic globalization , during which development economics in modern sense sprang up. Its main research is about how the poverty - stricken agricultural countries or developing countries achieve industrialization. From its appearance to before 1980's, development economics consists of two forming phases of structuralism and neo - classicism. Since 1980's , in the tide of new economic globalization ,development economics has new tendency and is faced with predicaments.

发展经济学的产生与发展和经济全球化的发展有密切的关系，特别是在经济全球化进入第三阶段，即20 世纪40 年代，现代意义上的发展经济学兴起，其主要是研究贫困落后的农业国家或发展中国家如何实现工业化的问题，发展经济学从兴起到80 年代以前，可分为结构主义和新古典主义两个发展阶段。80 年代以来，在新的经济全球化的浪潮中，发展经济学既出现了新的发展趋势，也面临着困境。

Communist Party of China's great revolutionary struggle, the resort has emerged out of the Fourth Red Army has been Secretary-General Chen Xie-ping, China's first Ph.D. in economics, the Shanghai branch of the Central Propaganda Department Dong key; served as political commissar of the First Division of the New Fourth Army, political commissar Liu Su Zhongjun area inflammation; has served as deputy political commissar of 18 Army troops advance into Tibet detachment commander and political commissar, deputy political commissar of the Tibet Military Region, secretary of the CPC Tibet Autonomous Regional Committee for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, Major General Wang Qimai made outstanding contributions, the injustice of persecution during the Cultural Revolution was brutal death was vindicated,"61 elenco aziende hotel albergo were the case," from the originator; a vice president of Peking University, the famous Marxist historian Jian Bozan; has served as Deputy Director of the Central People's Government Information Department, Deputy Secretary-General of the Government Administration Council and Director of the Office of Premier Zhou Zhang unique; a former mayor of Tianjin, Tianjin People's Congress Director of the Thirteenth CPC Central Committee, the Seventh National People's Congress Nie Bichu, a founder of China's automobile industry Meng Shaonong has repeatedly been Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other party and state leaders met with agricultural experts, the national labor model Li Guangqing, have written more than height, fluent in ten languages for linguists and dictionary experts Wang billion, a "Western Muse" reputation of the famous poet Chang Yiu, using the "Mice Love Rice","Zhu Zhige" and other songs popular singer savory network has the most influential contemporary Chinese artists Soviet Po sand painting has received CCTV, Hunan TV, Phoenix TV and a number of the mainstream media interviews with the top companies in the world and tailored to the domestic market through hundreds of topics copied, and on many occasions in the Great Hall, Diaoyutai, nests, etc. for the national leadership and foreign friends to do perform; Marketer has created renowned national "Hunan TV," Wei Wenbin original Hunan Radio and Television Bureau Secretary (now Vice Chairman of Hunan Province), there are more other academicians Liu (Fertilizer plant nutrition experts), Yao Shaofu and so on.

在中国***的伟大革命斗争中，桃源曾先后涌现出了红四军秘书长陈协平，中国第一个经济学博士、上海中央分局宣传部长董维键；历任新四军第一师政委、苏中军区政委的刘炎；有历任十八军副政委兼进藏部队先遣支队司令员和政委、西藏军区副政委、中共西藏自治区委书记，为西藏和平解放作出突出贡献的王其梅少将，文革中遭残酷迫害含冤去世，后来平反"六十一人案"从其发端；有北京大学副校长、著名的马克思主义史学家翦伯赞；有历任中央人民政府情报总署副署长、政务院副秘书长兼周总理办公室主任的张唯一；有曾任天津市市长、天津市人大常委会主任的中共第十三届中央委员、第七届全国人大代表聂璧初，有我国汽车工业的奠基人孟少农，有多次受到毛泽东、周恩来等党和国家领导人接见的农业专家、全国劳动模范李光庆，有著作超过身高，精通十余国语言的语言学家和辞书专家王同亿，有"西部诗神"之誉的著名诗人昌耀，有以《老鼠爱大米》《猪之歌》等歌曲走红网络的歌手香香，有当代中国最具影响力的沙画艺术家苏大宝，曾接受过央视、湖南卫视、凤凰卫视等多家主流媒体的专访，为世界及国内顶级企业量身打造过上百场主题沙画表演，并多次在人民大会堂、钓鱼台、鸟巢等地为国家领导及外国友人做精彩表演；有一手打造了蜚声全国的"电视湘军"的原湖南广电局局长魏文彬，还有两院院士刘更另、姚绍福等。

Success may be altruistic, such as seeing children in third world countries healthy and safe.

成功可能是利他主义，例如看到孩子在第三世界国家的健康和安全。

Several South American countries do not share their anti-Americanism.

事实上，有那么几个南美国家对他们的反美主义并不感冒。

There is no room for racism, anti-Semitism, or other forms of ethnic and racial hatred in this country.

在这个国家，我们不会容忍种族主义、反犹太主义或其他各种形式的民族及种族仇恨。

The second half the nineteenth centaury saw Sweden retreat into isolationism abroad and reform at home. A more prosperous and democratic state grew up and for the majority of the Kingdom抯 citizens there was hope for perpetual peace and prosperity.

十九世纪后半叶，瑞典在国际上重新回到孤立主义，埋首国内大刀阔斧锐意改革，令国家更为富裕和民主，同时也令大多数王国子民相信，这就是永远的和平和繁荣。

Communitarianism resonates most in East Asia because of both political and cultural reasons.

社群主义在东亚国家得到了更多的回应，这既有政治原因也有文化原因。

Since mid-1990s, a debate has been developing between those who believe that Chinese associations should be studied in terms of civil society and those whose investigations have led them to believe that almost all associational life in China is state corporatist in nature.

20世纪90年代中期以来学术界展开了一场争论：一派认为，应该用公民社会概念来研究中国团体；另一派通过调查研究认为，中国几乎所有团体的生活在本质上是国家组合主义。

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在"结语"部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以"基督教大世界"普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在&结语&部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以&基督教大世界&普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。