国家

Different types and levels of development of the countries generally have taken a different political systems, but may also in some ways have the same or similar system; the same type and level of development of the countries generally have the same or similar political systems, but in some areas there may be very different:(1) according to state management form, namely the form of state power points, there is absolute monarchy system of slave society, the nobility republican, democratic republic; State has the absolute monarchy of feudalism, class representative of the monarchy, republican (little city-state has adopted); capitalist countries have constitutional monarchy and democratic republic two types of constitutional monarchy is divided into the dual monarchy such as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and a parliamentary monarchy like the United Kingdom, democratic republic is divided into parliamentary cabinet system, the presidential system and the committee system in three forms; of the socialist countries of the Soviet system of the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia, the delegation system, China and Cuba and other countries of the people's congress system and so on.

不同类型和发展程度的国家一般都采取不同的政治制度，但也可能在某方面有相同或相似的体制；同一类型和发展程度的国家一般都有相同或类似的政治制度，但在某些方面也可能有很大差异：（1）按国家管理形式即政权组织形式分，奴隶社会有君主专制制、贵族共和制、民主共和制；封建主义国家有绝对君主制、等级代表君主制、共和制；资本主义国家有君主立宪制和民主共和制两大类型，君主立宪制又分为二元君主制如约旦哈希姆王国和议会制君主制如英国，民主共和制又分为议会内阁制、总统制和委员会制三种形式；社会主义国家有原苏联的苏维埃制，原南斯拉夫的代表团制，中国和古巴等国的人民代表大会制等。

The paper considers that the state is the basis of thestate head,the state head is a kind of form to represent the state,or one kind ofimportant form for the state to execute its political governance,and what the statehead represents or acts is a sort of state function.

本章认为，国家是国家元首的基础，国家元首是国家的代表形式，或者说是国家进行政治统治的一种重要形式，它最终体现或发挥的是一种国家职能。

There is the first production line of alkali manganese grade EMD without hydrargyrum of China. The line was identified typical program of national high technology, and alkali manganese grade EMD without hydrargyrum was identified national key new product by related national ministries?.

公司拥有我国第一条无汞碱锰电解二氧化锰产线，该生产线被评为国家高技水产业化示范工程，无汞碱锰电解二氧锰被国家科技部、国家税务总局、对外贸易部、国家质量技术监督局和国家环保总局共同认定为"国家重点新产品"。

According to SIT, we could make the following hypotheses on the social behavior of a state: the state will favor in-group countries, take win-win strategy with the group it identifies, and be prone to cooperation in bilateral relations; the state will take non-zero-sum strategy with out-group countries and choose partially participation and cooperation; for the out-group countries with high hostility, the state will take zero-sum strategy, and choose non-cooperation or conflict.

根据社会身份理论，我们对国家的社会行为提出了如下假设：国家会更偏向于内团体国家，对于自己所认同的国家集团会从双赢的思维出发，选择积极合作的战略；对于外团体国家，一般会从非零和的思维出发，在双边事务中选择部分的参与和合作；而对于敌对性较高的外团体国家，一般会从零和的思维出发，在战略上选择不合作或冲突。

Under the situation of the globalization of economy, the westerndeveloped capitalism not only use the way of economy, depend on theireconomy power to seek for the hegemony of politics. They bring up lots of theadditional political term when they make business with the developing country.They put forward that "the national sovereignty is out of the date","humanrights are higher than sovereignty "and other paralogism. For seekinghegemony look for the theories basis, this clear up country's sovereigntyroughly. In fact, they are interfering the domestic affairs of other countries.With the development of information technique, the western countries using themodern mass media go on "peaceful evolution" toward socialism country.

在经济全球化的形势下，西方发达资本主义国家不仅在经济上利用经济强权谋求政治霸权，借与发展中国家开展经济贸易关系之机，提出许多附加政治条件，对发展中国家的主权构成制约；他们借口经济全球化对主权的消解，提出"国家主权过时论"、"人权高于主权论"等谬论，为谋求霸权寻找理论依据，打着"保护人权"的旗号，干涉别国内政；随着信息技术的发展，西方资本主义国家开始利用现代化的传媒手段继续对社会主义国家进行和平演变。

And the DGY18, DGY40B, DGY70, and DGY15-D pipelayer were named as the "National Key New Product" respectively by five ministries and commissions of China.

其中DGY18、DGY40、DGY 70、DGY 15-D型吊管机分别被国家科学技术部、国家经贸委、国家专利总局、国家对外贸易部、国家技术监督局、国家环境保护局等部委命名为"国家级重点新产品"。

He has implemented over 10 projects from National 863 Hi-tech Project and 4 projects from ministry and province. He ever presided over many large projects, such as "National 863/CIMS Key Application and Example Project of Harbin Electrical Machine Factory","National 863/CIMS Key Application and Example Project of Qiqihaer the Second Machine Tool Factory" and "Reformable ERP System Suitable to the Chinese State Circumstance", etc. He is now undertaking National Science and Technology Key Project, National Natural Science Foundation Project and Province Science and Technology Key project.

先后完成国家863计划重点项目及研究项目10多项、省部委项目4项，曾主持过《哈尔滨电机厂国家863/CIMS重点应用示范工程》、《齐齐哈尔第二机床厂国家863/CIMS应用示范工程》、《适合中国国情的可重构ERP系统》等大型项目，目前研究课题有国家十五863计划重点课题，国家十五科技攻关计划重点课题、国家自然科学基金课题和省科技攻关课题等。

In the economic aspect, the early state preserved rural commune, the tribute and corvee system, and the reassignment economy. In the political aspect, the early state preserved the fathership government, the hereditary rules, and the indirect domination. Feudalism and Slavishness were two prospects for early states.

本文还从马克思的亚细亚理论出发，从相关的历史材料中归纳出早期国家以下几个方面的特征：1在经济上，早期国家具有农村公社、贡赋与劳役制度、再分配经济等特征；2在政治上，早期国家具有父权制统治形式、世袭制政治制度、间接统治方式等特征；3早期国家的转型有两个基本的方向——封建制国家和奴隶制国家。

Technique development, basic facilities improvement and cost decline make "globalization" communication possible. 4. Globalization of communication technique aggravates the "unfairness" of international communication and leads to its different layers, classes and unbalanced distribution. 5. The end of "cold war" deconstructs the opposite between the East and the West, but not ends the difference between the South and the North and the "civilization conflict". 6. The population redistribution makes the traditional nations and countries in the relevant areas unstable and influences the original national cultural identity. 7."Globalization" communication deepens the alertness of national elite intellectuals, which makes them strengthen their sense of mission to keep and guard the spiritual home of national traditional culture (including traditional belief, value, cultural pattern and so on) that will be possibly subverted and maliciously remade. 8. The combination of "direction" and "strategy", or the speciousness makes big trans-national media corporations sweep away all obstacles and occupy the markets in the developing countries, in which have appeared the phenomenon of "narrations of traditional cultures tending to similarities". 9."Global village": myth or reality? 10. The difference of culture and ideology often causes the different understanding and value judgement to the contents of trans-national communication.

第一部分将中国国家电视文化安全问题放到"全球化"的大背景中加以考量，分别从以下18个维度展开论述：1、全球化语境与我们的抉择；2、与"全球化"同样历史悠久的"国际传播"；3、技术的进步和相关基础设施的广泛建立并不断完善以及使用成本的持续下降，使得"全球化"传播成了可能；4、传播技术的全球化，加剧了国际传播的"不平等"，导致了国际传播的层级性和不均衡分布；5、"冷战"的终结解构了东西对立，但却并未终结南北差异和"文明的冲突"；6、人口的重新分布使得相关区域的传统意义上的民族国家面临潜在的不稳定，并有可能影响到原来各个国家已经定型的民族文化认同；7、"全球化"传播加深了民族国家精英知识分子的戒心，"守望民族传统文化的精神家园"的使命感使得他们开始关注核心的"传统文化"（具体包括传统的信仰、价值观、文化模式等）的有可能被颠覆或被恶意改造；8、"方向"与"策略"的有机结合，使得大型跨国传媒公司所向披靡，在发展中国家屡屡得手，很多国家出现了"祖母的同质化"现象；9、"地球村"：神话还是现实？

Zhejiang Jinyun image quality of factory was founded in 1983, is a twenty-odd years Branch, Works, Trade and one of the non-destructive testing equipment specialized factory. 85 years linear image quality developed through the provincial technical appraisal of dollars, and won the Zhejiang Science and Technology Progress Award. 87 years by the National Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Labor, Planning Commission, Board of Education awards a national advanced units of work-study program. 88 years pass as the quality of, through technical appraisal in Zhejiang Province, andscientific and technological progress award. 97 years before the image quality, the type, screen, cassette, magnetic, film and other products being sold planes Korea, Taiwan, EU, India, Pakistan, Japan, Iran, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and other countries and regions. 2000, developed country standard sample linear image quality through the State Bureau of Technical Supervision of Identification, the level of Western industrial countries to achieve the same level, to fill a non-destructive testing industry, country kind of scale-free blank. In 2001 through ISO9002 quality management system certification. Beginning in 2001 specifically for the gas pipeline design Detected special screen, camera bag and other equipment in the West-East Gas Detected been widely applied. Materials and Shanghai in 2003 by co-developed country industry standard radiography JB/T5075-2004 Detect metal screen. Materials and Shanghai in 2004 by co-developed a national standard GB/T19803-2005/ISO1027: 1983 image quality of radiographic principles and logo. Materials and Shanghai in 2005 by co-developed country industry standard of image quality JB/T7902-2005 linear.

浙江省缙云像质计厂创立于1983年，是一家集二十余年科，工，贸一体的无损检测器材专业厂家。85年研制的线型像质计通过省级技术鉴定，并荣获浙江省科技进步奖。87年获国家财政部、劳动部、计委、教委颁奖的全国勤工俭学先进单位。88年孔型像质计通过浙江省技术鉴定，并获省科技进步奖。97年始像质计，铅字，增感屏，暗盒，磁钢，洗片架等产品陆续销往韩国，台湾，欧盟、、印度、巴基斯坦、日本、伊朗、泰国、马来西亚、香港、等国家地区。2000年研制的国家标准样品线型像质计通过国家技术监督局鉴定，其水平达到西方工业发达国家同等水平，填补了国家无损检测业无标样的空白。2001年通过ISO9002质量管理体系认证。2001年始专为输气输油管道检测设计的特种增感屏，暗袋等检测器材在西气东输中被广泛应用。2003年与上海材料所共同制定了国家行业标准JB/T5075-2004射线照相检测用金属增感屏。2004年与上海材料所共同制定了国家标准GB/T19803-2005/ISO1027：1983射线照相像质计原则与标识。2005年与上海材料所共同制定了国家行业标准JB/T7902-2005线型像质计。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。