国内贸易

Based on thoroughly research, the author draws some following conclusions:(1) the origin of new bilateralism in Asia-Pacific is that each country altered its trade policy to maximize its gains from trade when they faced common external shocks, which is not only to satisfy the restrains of internationally political and economic environments but also to help each government to balance internal political economy when they implement trade liberalization;(2) it has been a common trade policy for each country in Asia-Pacific to set up bilateral trade agreements as soon as possible and as much as possible to obtain hub position in the network of bilateralism;(3) with the inevitable spread of bilateralism, China, as a developing large trade economy, should take first start to guide a favorable process of regional economic integration depending on its booming economy, large domestic market, cheap labor price and abundant natural resources in aim to get much more benefits and advantages.

经过笔者研究，《亚太新双边主义的政治经济学分析》一文得到如下结论：其一，亚太新双边主义的兴起是20世纪末亚太地区各经济体在面临外部冲击的情况下，权衡内部政治经济，选择在当前国际政治经济环境的约束下能够最大化自身利益的贸易政策的必然结果；其二，尽可能快尽可能多地签订双边自由贸易协定，谋求新双边主义中的"轮轴国"地位已经成为各经济体今后较长时间内对外贸易政策的共识；其三，区域经济一体化中的新双边主义趋势已经不可避免，中国作为发展中的贸易大国，应该凭借不断增长的经济、广阔的国内市场、廉价的国内劳动力和丰富的国内资源，发挥先发优势，谋求以我为主的区域经济一体化进程，争取有利的战略地位和更多的利益。

Compared with the other areas of China, at this time,"Isolated Island" trade was prospering: the foreign trade advanced rapidly, and Shanghai become the trade center of China again; owing to its specific political setting, the powerful economic base and the superior geography environment, the interlocal trade of Shanghai was always second to none; as a result of the proliferating population and furbishing production, the local trade also made some progress.

较国内其他地区而言，这一时期的"孤岛"贸易足繁荣的；上海对外贸易1939年以后获得了突飞猛进的发展，并重新恢复了全国贸易巾心的地位；由于特殊的政治环境、相对雄厚的经济基础和优越的地理位置，上海始终处于国内埠际贸易的前列；本埠贸易也因为人口激增、生产恢复而得到发展。

In generally speaking the present tax policy embodies the support to improvement trade. But some problems occur by isolated policies which stopped the development of improvement trade in China, the rate of imposition and bonification is inconsistent and so on.

总体上说，当前的税收政策体现了对加工贸易的支持，但由于个别政策阻隔了加工贸易在国内环节的延伸，征退税率和不同企业同一间接出口税收负担的不一致，对一般纳税人与小规模纳税人以及新老三资企业与国内企业的区别对待等问题的存在，阻碍了加工贸易的进一步发展。

In this dissertation, I first review the theoric basis of tradepolicy(the basic theory of international trade), then inspect theinternal and international factor of China' s trade policy, finallyprovide the countermeasure and propose for the selection of China' strade policy and trade policy measure.

本文的研究思路是首先对贸易政策的理论依据即国际贸易的基本理论进行系统梳理，然后考察中国贸易政策形成的国内和国际因素，最后对中国贸易政策及贸易政策措施的选择提出对策和建议。

The second step isthe necessary way of the transformation from processing trade to normal trade and theeffective method of the transfer of China's trade surplus. The analysis will base on thetheory, the processing trade abroad, the relative policy and the transfer of China'strade surplus.

第二步由我国国内转移到其他发展中国家和地区，是我国由加工贸易过渡到一般贸易的必经之路，就现阶段而言是我国转移贸易顺差的有效途径，第二步转移将从&理论支持：梯度推移理论&、&完成转移途径：境外加工贸易&、&政策指导：走出去战略&与&实际问题：转移贸易顺差&四个方面，理论结合实际展开分析讨论。

Compared with the other areas of China, at this time,"Isolated Island" trade was prospering: the foreign trade advanced rapidly, and Shanghai become the trade center of China again; owing to its specific political setting, the powerful economic base and the superior geography environment, the interlocal trade of Shanghai was always second to none; as a result of the proliferating population and furbishing production, the local trade also made some progress.

较国内其他地区而言，这一时期的&孤岛&贸易足繁荣的；上海对外贸易1939年以后获得了突飞猛进的发展，并重新恢复了全国贸易巾心的地位；由于特殊的政治环境、相对雄厚的经济基础和优越的地理位置，上海始终处于国内埠际贸易的前列；本埠贸易也因为人口激增、生产恢复而得到发展。

At present, the board surface has achieved mirror-surface effect, adding to the attraction of our products to domestic dealers.

现板面已达到了镜面效果使我公司的产品更受国内贸易采购商的青睐。

According to the sum of trade values, I arranged the sequence of top 10 major trade partners of Hong Kong. And then, label the characteristic goods of different regions. For example, the minerals trade of Yunnan, the mountainous products trade of Guangxi, the instant products and the heavy products trade of Guangdong, the major household commodity and overseas Chinese products of Fujian, the camphor trade of Taiwan, the diversified products of Shanghai, the ammunition and machine products of Tianjin, the ginseng trade of Yantai, the bean products, sugar and metal trade of Manchuria were all typical toward Hong Kong in different regions.

以贸易额为尺度区分若干时期香港在国内主要贸易对象港的排名先后，简要列举香港与各地贸易结构的特色及差异，包括对云南的矿产品贸易，对广西的山地货贸易，对广东的&快速&消费品和&笨重&消费品贸易，对福建的大宗日用品和侨需品贸易，对台湾的樟脑贸易，对上海多样化的大宗贸易，对天津的军火和机械设备贸易，对烟台的高丽参转口贸易，对盛京的豆货、糖和金属贸易等。

Operating range of domestic trade, material supply, and self-agent goods and technology import and export.

经营范围为国内贸易、物资供应、自营和代理货物和技术的进出口。

With increasing of world economy, the international trade of woody forest products develops rapidly, but some issues, for example, illegal-logging and associated trade, forest certification, inspection and quarantine in imports and exports, trade protection, increasing value through domestic process, trade disputes and so on, have more important influence to the international trade of woody forest products.

随着世界经济的增长，林产品国际贸易发展迅速，但非法采伐生产和贸易、森林认证、碳汇贸易、进出口检验检疫、贸易保护、国内加工增值、贸易争端等问题对世界林产品贸易影响越来越大，其中大多数与环境保护有关。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。