国内外

The company has strong technical force, scientific management tools, always adhere to the "quality first, clients first, abide by the contract" principle of service, thus gaining the trust of customers at home and abroad.

公司拥有雄厚的技术力量，采取科学的管理手段，始终坚持"质量第一、用户至上、信守合同"的服务宗旨，从而赢得了国内外客户的信赖。

Compared with smooth tube,micro-fin tube has more geometrical parameters that influence heat transfer to different extent.Many scholars has done much work on it,but some research results are different or even contradictable.

相对于光管，微肋管的结构参数相对较多，这些结构参数的变化会不同程度地影响微肋管的换热能力，国内外的很多学者进行了研究，但结论相差较大，甚至完全相反。

In chapter one, a review for the trade of urban rail traffic is performed with respects to the developing histories and trend, mode, light rails, vehicle type and so on; In chapter two, a set of contradistinctive analyses between the domestic and the overseas are carried out at aspects of equipment, density of line net, build cost and so on. In chapter three, the competitive status among existing enterprises for urban rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing in our country is analyzed by Potter model; In chapter four, questions that should be paid attention to and strategies in course of our country's urban rail traffic building are provided mainly in terms of plan, cost, construction investment and operation, selection of system type, safety of building process and so on.

本文第一章主要从轨道交通的发展历史、模式、轻轨、车辆类型、发展趋势等方面对城市轨道交通行业的发展作了一个回顾；第二章主要是从设备、线网密度、建设成本等六个方面对国内外城市轨道交通进行了一个对比分析；第三章主要是利用波特模型对我国现有的城市轨道交通车辆设备生产企业之间的竞争状况进行了分析；第四章主要从规划、成本、建设投资和运营、系统类型选择、建设过程安全等方面提出了我国在城市轨道交通建设过程中应该注意的问题和对策。

Inductive-loop signal control is used as one of the important methods for traffic control in many cities abroad.

城市交通感应信号控制是一种重要的交通信号控制方法，目前被国内外许多中小城市广泛应用。

The second chapter on domestic and foreign internal control theory and its development.

第二章阐述国内外内部控制理论及其发展。

The first part retrospect some domestic and foreign accounting fraud-related theories and topics that have brought an extensive and meaningful significance to accounting controllership, and based on former research, it discusses an identification mechanism that discovers accounting fraudulent practices from both theoretical and technological aspects.

本文的研究主要分为四个部分：第一部分回顾国内外有关会计舞弊理论及具有更广泛意义的会计操纵领域问题，并在前人研究的基础上，提出从理论层面再认识会计舞弊、技术手段识别会计舞弊整体研究思路。

The national magisterial research assessment system is not controlled by the nation. The nation in the whole process of research assessment only acts the roles such as the convener, the supervisor and the resources provider, the concrete research assessment is completed by the domestic and foreign first-class scholars after the research assessment criterion set up.

国家主导的科研评价并不是由国家控制，国家在整个科研评价的过程中只是扮演召集人、监督人和资源提供者的角色，具体的科研评价工作是由国内外一流的学者在科研评价标准协商一致后按小同行评价的形式来实施。

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

However, there are still some shortages for GA, such as searching algorithms in solution space, convergence of solutions and selection of controls parameters.

然而在应用中发现，遗传算法尚存在诸多不足有待完善，如：解空间搜索策略，问题收敛性，控制参数设置等，这也是它之所以长期成为国内外计算智能研究热点。。。

The application of utilization of surface water for cooling and heating of buildings was analyzed, and some cases were introduced.

本文分析了国内外地表水供冷供热技术的应用现状，介绍了一些典型的工程实例。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。