固结压力

It is found that in certain water ratio and consolidation pressure, the values of initial elastic modulus and principal deviator stress increase with intermediate principal stress increasing; in certain intermediate principal stress, the values of initial elastic modulus and principal deviator stress increase with water ratio falling.

试验结果表明：在一定的含水率和固结压力下，偏差应力和初始切线模量均随中主应力比b的增大而增大；在中主应力比b确定的情况下，偏差应力和强度最大值随着含水率的增大而减小。

Using the apparatus of high stress and high hydraulic pressure developed by author, a series of tests was carried out, and the expressions of dewater consolidated settlement with hydraulic pressure and coefficient of permeability with efficient stress was obtained.

通过自行设计的高应力、高水压试验装置，进行了一系列的试验，获得了疏排水沉降量与水压变化、渗透系数与有效应力之间的关系表达式；首次对回归系数的主要影响因素从颗粒级配的特征粒径和特性参数入手，进行了系统的分析；得到了压缩模量与水压降的正相关关系式；提出了一种简便、易行的先期固结压力的确定方法，并对深土力学特性进行了初步研究；推导了各种边界条件下Terzaghi 和Biot 固结理论的水头及沉降量的解析解或半解析解；编写了隐式差分

It is shown that the model in this paper can be included in the nonlinear and dilatancy properties, and the effects of different consolidation pressure and the second main stress.

该模型能同时考虑土体的非线性和剪胀性，以及不同固结压力和第二主应力对地基土的影响。

The results indicate that its dynamic stress-strain curve is hyperbolic type. The dynamic strain of LCES decreases with increasing confining pressure, cement content, curing ages and cyclic loading frequency when it is subjected to the same dynamic stress. At the same dynamic strain, the dynamic secant elastic modulus E_(sec of LCES increases and the damping ratio decreases with increasing confining pressure, cement content, curing ages and cyclic loading frequency. The curves ofσ_d～ε_d,E_～ε_d and D～ε_d with different EPS content intersect respectively, the trend of LCES deformation characteristic is inversely proportional to EPS content near the intersection. The value of dynamic strain at the intersection is about 0.5%~3.0%, the magnitude of which is related to the mixing proportions and confining pressure.

试验结果表明，LCES的动应力应变骨干曲线形态符合双曲线；在相同的动应力作用下，LCES产生的动应变随着固结压力、水泥掺量、试样养护龄期和振动频率的增大而减小；在动应变相同的情况下，随着固结压力、水泥掺量、试样养护龄期和振动频率的增大，LCES的动模量增大而阻尼比减小；随着加载次数的增大，LCES的动模量在开始阶段显著降低，然后趋于稳定，但当加载次数达到几百次时，动模量又有增大的趋势；不同EPS掺入比的LCES的动应力应变骨干曲线、动模量随应变变化曲线和阻尼比随应变变化曲线都发生了相交，交点前后EPS掺入比的大小对LCES动力变形特性的影响趋势是截然相反的，交点处的动应变值一般在0.5％～3.0％范围内变化，其大小与LCES的配比以及固结压力有关。

On the ground of simple compression test, a damage equation which reflect structural strength change with pressure is carried out. And it discriminated from the strain types of common soft soil and structural soft soil.

通过分析计算，明确了先期固结压力和结构强度的概念；提出了结构稳定系数，较为准确地判断出土的结构强度的影响程度，为工程设计提供参考；④基于单向压缩试验，提出了结构强度随压力变化的损伤方程；区分了一般性软土与有结构强度的土的压密类型。

The previous methods to obtain the preconsolidation pressure were generally based on the laboratory oedometer test,which was of time consuming and low accuracy due to disturbance.

目前，先期固结压力的确定主要依赖于室内固结试验，但土样的采取会出现扰动，难以代表土层的真正实际状况，且室内固结试验耗时，效率较低。

The results of simulation indicated that the new model can be applied toany loading condition, describe phenomena that the Terzaghi consolidation modelcan not, such as the apparent preconsolidation pressures that depend on strain rate, increment in apparent preconsolidation pressures due to creep during sustained loading, and change of porewater pres...

计算与实验结果对比表明，该模型能应用于一维条件下任何加载方式的固结模拟，能描述表观前期固结压力的应变率效应、次固结引起的表观前期固结压力增加、连续加载下超静孔隙水压的增长规律等一些已被实验广泛证实且不能被太沙基固结理论反映的现象。

CPTU ; clay ; pore water pressure ; preconsolidation pressure ; net tip resistance

孔压静力触探；黏性土；孔隙水压力；先期固结压力；净锥尖阻力

These tests show that: 1. suction decreases with the increase of the water saturation in the chalk; 2. stress variants proposed are available for describing the stress state of the unsaturated chalk; 3. preconsolidation pressure increases with suction, while the effects of suction on the compressibility coefficients λ and κ are not evident; 4. as usual unsaturated soils, the permeability to oil of chalk increases with the suction; 5. yield strength of the chalk behaves with volumetric strain hardening; 6. cohesive behaviour of the chalk is related to the stress level, and relation between time-dependent deformation and logt is linear; 7. cohesion of the chalk decreases with the increase of the suction, while the elastic stiffness and the cohesion coefficient increase; 8. strength and elastic modulus increase with the strain rate, while the strain at the peak strength decreases with the increase of the strain rate.

试验结果表明，白垩中的虹吸力随水饱和度的降低而提高；吸力、水饱和度和强度的变化过程均与时间有关；可用由理论分析得到的应力状态变量描述非饱和白垩的平衡状态；前期固结压力随吸力增加而提高，而压缩指数λ与κ则同吸力无关；应力大于前期固结压力时，粘性变形与时间的对数关系曲线呈线性关系，其大小和增长速率均随吸力减小而增大，可视为白垩弹性刚度降低和粘性系数增大的结果；前期固结压力和变形模量随着应变速率的提高而提高，压缩指数κ和λ则随应变速率的提高而减小；应变速率较低时，粘性和吸力对前期固结压力及压缩指数的影响较小；白垩中油的渗透性随着吸力增加而提高；白垩在屈服阶段具有明显的体积应变硬化特性。

Elastic viscoplastic ; consolidation ; apparent preconsolidation pressures ; viscous effect ; viscosity

弹粘塑性；固结；表观前期固结压力；应变率效应；粘滞性

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。