固有观念

And, we also believe that stereotypes and unconscious bias contribute to this problem.

并且，我们也相信固有的观念和无意识的偏见导致了这个问题。

In the development of Chinese drama, owing to the literati's participation in playwriting, the"thematic consciousness"and the"structural concept"derived from traditional poetry and prose aroused the Ming literati's reflection on the"lyricism"and the"dramaticism"of Chinese drama, urging them to make concrete improvements on dramaturgy. The Ming literati's efforts formed a new trend of theorizing the writing of Chinese drama.

中国戏曲发展至明代，由於文人染指日深，诗文文学中所固有的「主题意识」与「结构观念」曾启示，或诱发了部分文人对於戏曲中所必有之「抒情性」与「戏剧性」之结合产生深刻之反省，并亦使之有了具体改革的尝试，因而逐渐呈现出意图将戏曲之创作予以理论化之趋势。

He thought that our ideas of matter are quite sharply constrained by our perceptions and so concluded that the true science of matter is eternally beyond us – that we could never remove our perplexities about what solidity ultimately is.6 But it does not follow for Locke that nature is itself inherently mysterious; the felt mystery comes from our own cognitive limitations, not from any objective eeriness in the world.

洛克认为我们关于物质的观念严格受到我们的知觉的限制，因此关于物质的真正科学永远在我们之外，我们永远无法消除对'固体最终究竟是什么'的困惑。[6]但是，在洛克那里，这并不是说自然本身就是内在固有地是神秘的；我们的神秘感只是来自于我们的认知限制，而不是来自客观上的神秘。

The Rewriting made us scan the writing of the literary history in the eyeshot of new historiography once again .

重写文学史使我们在新的史学视野中再次审视文学史的书写与研究，更新了我们固有的文学史观念，为中国现当代文学史的书写带来了多元化的格局，还为文学史研究的范式转换起到了关键性的作用。

It was the Luce grappa which came across smooth as silk that changed my mind forever about grappa being an aggressive unrefined drink.

Luce 格拉巴酒如丝般光滑的质地彻底改变了我脑海中固有的观念，此前我认为格拉巴酒只是一款粗旷蛮横的，毫无精致细腻可言的饮品。

The reason is , that they are over laden with inert ideas.

原因是他们被固有的观念所累。

In The Big Typescript, this dichotomy is detailed in his analysis of the temporal, spatial and genitive expressions, resulting in the distinction between the unspeakable"memory-time"(Ged〓chtniszeit) and the speakable"physical time", and that between the unspeakable"visual space" and the speakable"Euclidean space", etc;(4) From another perspective, the destruction of the conception of the "phenomenological language"could also be seen as the logical consequence of the radicalization of the one and the same conception, since this destruction does reinforce rather than weaken RLF's original intention of distinguishing the physical system from what are given in phenomena by demonstrating the incompatibility between this intention itself and the insistence on the speakability of the phenomena, which gives birth to the illusion of the"phenomenological language";(5) Nevertheless, what the radical distinction between the sense-data and the physical language (as the unique possible language) implies, according to Wittgenstein, is not that the latter has nothing to do with the former, but that the association between the two does not follow the"original sample-copy"pattern but the"screen-presenting-filmoperation"pattern, which indicates that phenomenon itself can be aroused by or included in-rather than to be described by-the physical language/system;(6) Thus Wittgenstein leads us to depart from the obsolete ambition of representing the immediately given data perfectly for a new destination where a comprehensive "perspicuity" of the"grammar"should be required and where his later philosophy is coming into being.

在《大打字稿》中，这一二分法在他对于时间表达式、空间表达式与人称表达式的分析中得到了细化，并导致了他对于"记忆时间"与"物理时间"的区分，以及对于"视觉空间"与"欧几里得空间"的区分，等等；(4)从另一个视角来看，维氏对于"现象学语言"观念的拆解也可以被视为同一观念在被加以彻底化后所导出的必然后果，因为这一拆解工作实际上乃是加强了，而不是削弱了他在写作《略论逻辑形式》时就已怀有的信念，即：必须将物理系统严格地区分于在现象中被直接给予的东西。换言之，维氏在这一拆解工作中所做的，只不过就是暴露了这一信念本身与对于现象之"可说性"的坚执之间的固有矛盾罢了——而所谓"现象学语言"的幻相，亦正是导源于上述坚执；(5)然而，根据维氏的本意，感觉予料与物理语言之间巨大的逻辑差异却并不意味着后者与前者毫无关联，而只是意味着两者之间的关系并不遵循着所谓的"原本—摹本"模式，而遵循的乃是"屏幕呈现—胶片运作"模式。

In England, on the other hand, a range of ideas especially congenial to Englishmen of that day, explained the claim of Equity to override the common law by supposing a general right to superintend the administration of justice which was assumed to be vested in the king as a natural result of his paternal authority. The same view appears in a different and a quainter form in the old doctrine that Equity flowed from the king''s conscience —— the improvement which had in fact taken place in the moral standard of the community being thus referred to an inherent elevation in the moral sense of the sovereign.

另一方面在英国，则用一些特别适合于当时英国人口味的观念，来解释&衡平法&主张的优于普通法，这些观念假定国王作为其宗主权的自然结果，是应该被推定为具有监督公正执行的一般权利的，过去有这样一种旧的学理，认为&衡平法&来自国王的良心——这种改进在实际上已经发生在被指为主权者在道德意义上的一个固有的提高的社会道德标准中了，这种见解是和前述的见解相同的，不过表现于一种不同的和一种更为离奇古怪的方式中而已。

The party breaks the Inherent idea that the socialism is planned economy and market economy is a capitalism, which exists in both in our country and abroad theory circle. The party point out the socialism can also establish the market economy.

党突破东西方经济学关于市场经济就是资本主义、计划经济就是社会主义的固有观念，确立社会主义也可以搞市场经济。

Migration, suggests Mr Moudden in Rabat,"is changing our whole understanding of citizenship, of the nation".

拉巴特的莫登先生表示，移民&正在改变我们对公民和国家的固有观念。&

Prima rily, the prime crimina l's crime has nothing to do with lime and overtime.

首犯的犯罪基本上与石灰和加班无关。

Some would fail and some would prosper,some would die and some would kill,some would thank the Lord for their deliverance, and some would curse John Sutter's Mill.

有人无功而返，有人心遂所愿；有人长眠异乡，有人图财害命；有人将感激上帝解脱了他们，有人会诅咒约翰萨特的磨房。