固定化

Theoretical analysis reveals that the reaction of the immobilized enzyme of low substrate concentration may be approximated to be of first order, while that of high substrate concentration to be of zero order.

经过对固定化酶反应动力学理论分析可知，实验条件下的低基质浓度区内测定的固定化酶反应可近似地作为一级反应，而在高基质浓度区内测定的固定化酶反应可近似地作为零级反应。

Carambola, after zymolysis,juicing and compositions regulation, was used for the contrast experiment of immobilized fermentation and free fermentation, the contrast experiment of immobilized fermentation under different temperature, and the optimized experiment of immobilized fermentation by multiple yeasts, respectively.

杨桃进行酶解取汁、成分调整后，分别进行固定化和游离发酵对比试验、不同温度下固定化发酵对比试验、复合酵母菌种固定化发酵优化试验。

Three immobilization modes of antigen to the polymers in the pH-sensitive phase separation immunoassay were investigated and compared. The results showed that the immobilization mode in the presence of N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride rendered the most desirable results. The immobilization efficiencies and immunological reaction activities of immobilized antigen of this mode were improved over the other two modes.

本文研究并比较了pH敏感相分离免疫分析中抗原在高分子上的三种固定化模式，结果显示由碳二亚胺偶联的固定模式效果最好，固定化效率、固定抗原的免疫反应活性较之另外两种模式均得到了提高。

(1)PAL is better entrapped by PAG with a T∶C ratio of 8∶30.(2)PAL immobilized by glutaric dialdehyde on Bio-Gel P-300 is better than by CDC.(3)The best one is the dehydration and redehydration method.(4)Immobilized and permeated PAL active yeast cells are resistant to trypsin digestion and retain its PAL activity.

(1)固定化酶活性采用T∶C比为8∶30明显高于8∶19；(2)以戊二醛将PAL固定于Bio-GelP300优于用DCD固定化的酶；(3)质脂体包被中以脱水再加水法对酶活性影响较少，脂类组成以磷脂酰胆碱：胆固醇：磷脂酰丝氨酸比值7∶2∶1最好；(4)固定化PAL活性酵母细胞能较好地抵抗人工肠液中胰蛋白酶的水解作用，亦能明显降低苯丙氨酸的浓度。

Objective］ The effect of the different immobilized carriers,proportions of enzyme and pH value of buffer on immobilization was studied.

［目的］考察不同固定化载体与酶量的比例对固定化效果的影响以及缓冲溶液pH值对固定化效果的影响。

Methods Glutamate decarboxylase was embedded-immobilized with sodium alginate and gelatin as the blending supports. Factors which affected the activity of IGAD were studied and optimum conditions were investigated. Afterwards, IGAD was applied for GABA transformation.

以海藻酸钠与明胶为协同作用载体包埋固定化酶，考察影响固定化酶活性的因素，获得固定化酶的优化条件，并将酶应用于制备GABA。

The results showed that the optimum embedded yeast cells was 5.8×10^6 cfumL^(-1), and the perfect activation time was 24 hours in 66.7% malt extract and 33.3% persimmon juice mixture. Reasonable fermentation process could be 10% of the starter, 20℃ of fermenting temperature, 4.0 of pH value and 8 days of fermentation period.

结果表明：固定化包埋菌数为5.8×10^6 cfumL^(-1)凝胶，固定化细胞活化培养液采用66.7%麦芽汁和33.3%柿汁混合液，活化时间24 h；果酒发酵优化条件为固定化酵母加量为10%，20℃、pH 4.0条件下发酵时间8 d。

In addition, there are entrenched uses of referential metonymies observed in our corpus data, which reveals how our recurrent interaction with outer environment gives rise to the saliency of particular concepts and how these concepts, universal or culture-specific alike, further lead to language routinization.

除此之外，本篇研究观察到固定化指涉转喻(entrenched referential metonymy)的现象，我们认为这种固定化的转喻起因於人类与外在环境或文化社群的不断互动，当某些概念在互动过程中一再地被突显，这些概念将会频繁地被使用作转喻的来源范畴，并且进一步固定成惯例化的语言形式。

Results The activity, recovery rate of activity and half-life of immobilized SOD were 333 U/g, 86.32% and 43.8 d respectively. After storage at room temperature for 5 d, the relative activity of SOD was still more than 80%. The optimal reaction temperature of immobilized SOD was 45℃, and the activity retentions after being used for the first and second times were 70.12% and 51.72% respectively. Both the optimal pH values for SOD before and after immobilization were 6, while the Km values were 0.16 and 0.18 mmol/L respectively.

结果 固定化超氧化物歧化酶活力为333U/g，酶活回收率为86.32%，半衰期为43.8d；固定化酶室温保存5d后，相对酶活力仍保持在80%以上，最适反应温度为45℃，使用一次后回收率为70.12%，重复使用两次后回收率为51.72%；固定化酶与溶液酶在pH6时活性最强，Km分别为0.18mmol/L和0.16mmol/L。

Novozym 435 was used for the synthesis of vitamin A plamitate. The influences of solvent, the molar ratio of substrates, the reaction temperature and time, and the water concentration were optimized and the best result was obtained by interesterification from 0.200 g vitamin A acetate and 0.468 g palmitic acid, at 30℃, in 10 mL hexane, containing 0% of water, with 10% of lipase(mass ratio, immobilized lipase to vitamin A plamitate). In these conditions, 75% of vitamin A acetate was converted into vitamin A plamitate. The immobilized lipase was reused about 6 batches.

对催化合成维生素A棕榈酸酯反应的脂肪酶和反应介质比较，同时对影响合成维生素A棕榈酸酯反应的因素（温度、初始水含量、底物摩尔比、反应时间和酶量等）进行了探讨，优化了反应条件：在10 mL不含水分的正己烷中，0.200 g 维生素A醋酸酯和0.468 g棕榈酸在酶量为10％（指固定化酶与维生素A醋酸酯的质量比）的固定化脂肪酶催化下，在 30℃、190 r/min下反应6 h，转化率可以达到75%，固定化酶可连续使用6次以上。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。