固定元素

Meanwhile, the concentration of Pb,Zn and other heavy metals is rather high in the oxidation zone and decreasesdownward to levels that are unbelievably low for Pb-Zn mine tailings. Theseobservations suggest that heavy metals should be re-immobilized by secondaryminerals, rather than primary minerals, in the oxidation zone, and could be leachedout from suboxic environment due to low rate oxidative dissolution which preventsthe precipitation of secondary minerals in significant amount. Thus, cover scenarioswhich establish a suboxic environment beneath the cover layer might not always beeffective in preventing heavy metal release from mine tailings.Sequential extraction studies indicate that, in addition to heavy metal leaching,oxidation of the mine tailings increased the mobility of residual Zn, and Cu, while Pb remains immobile due to the formation of anglesite (PbSO4). Using the seven-step extraction technique developed by Dold (J. Geochem. Explor., 2003, 80: 55-68), galena dissolves in significant amount at step 2 most probably due to the strong complexing of Pb2+ by acetate, while other metal sulfides dissolve at step 6, which suggest that this extraction technique could not be used to evaluate the mobility of lead in natural environment

重金属含量均低于新鲜尾矿，但以硬化层中的含量最高(Pb、Zn含量分别为0.47%和0.93%)，往下大幅度降低，表明尾矿风化过程中形成的次生矿物对Pb、Zn等重金属元素有较强的固定作用，而次氧化带的淋溶作用造成了金属元素的大量流失；(4)与新鲜尾矿相比，硬化层中铅的可迁移性大大降低，硬化层之下尾矿样品中铅的可迁移性也不同程度降低，这是由于硫化物氧化产生的硫酸根与尾矿中的铅反应形成铅矾(PbSO_4)的缘故；(5)氧化作用使尾矿中的zn、Cu等重金属的可迁移性不同程度地增大，其中对锌的可迁移性影响最大，铜的可迁移性与铁比较相似，铅则容易与硫化物氧化形成的SO_4~(2-)反应形成铅矾(PbSO_4)；(6)为了减少尾矿污染和修复矿山环境，人们提出了各种不同的尾矿覆盖方案，本文的研究结果表明，这些方法不一定能够有效地阻滞污染元素的迁移。

The element equations are derived in a fixed current element coordinates which are coincident with the current moving element coordinates. The perturbed moving element coordinates and the variation of the element nodal rotation parameters corresponding to the perturbation of element nodal displacements and rotations referred to the current fixed element coordinates is consistently determined using the first order linearization of the way used to determine the current element coordinates and element nodal rotation parameters corresponding to the incremental element nodal displacements and rotations referred to the global coordinates.

本研究在梁元素当前的变形位置上，利用元素节点的座标及断面方位建立一个移动元素座标并决定元素节点的旋转参数，对应於元素节点旋转参数扰动量的广义节点力为一广义力矩，为推导传统力和力矩与该广义力矩的关系，本研究在一个与当前的移动元素座标重合的固定元素座标上，推导出元素节点在当前固定元素座标的扰动位移和扰动旋转与元素节点旋转参数的扰动量的关系。

An incremental-iterative method based on the Newton-Raphson method combined with constant arc length of incremental displacement vector is employed for the solution of nonlinear equilibrium equations. The subspace iterative method is used for the solution of natural frequencies and vibration modes for the free vibration of beam structures.

本研究推导元素的节点惯性力时，先将元素扰动位移表示成当前固定元素座标的扰动位移和旋转之函数，故可直接求得元素的节点惯性力，元素的一致性质量矩阵可由元素节点的惯性力对元素节点的加速度微分求得。

At the South Edge of the Tengger Desert, the sampled sites of mobile sanddune, semi-fixed sand-dune and fixed sanddune were selected as the different stages of the reversion process of desertification with the method of substituting time with space, and topsoil mineral elements of the decertified land were studied reversion process of desertification.

以腾格里沙漠南缘沙漠化土地为研究对象，应用时空替代法选择流动沙丘、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘的沙漠化逆转序列样地，研究了沙漠化逆转过程土壤矿质元素的变化特征。

The purpose of this thesis is to use finite element software ANSYS to analyze the mechanical behavior of thin-walled SUS304 stainless steel tubes with elliptic-notched subjected to curvature-controlled symmetric cyclic bending. The mechanical behavior contains the relationship among curvature, bending moment and ovalization. There are two kinds of the elliptic-notch.

本研究是以有限元素分析软体ANSYS 分析SUS304 不锈钢椭圆形凹槽薄壁圆管承受对称曲度循环弯曲负载下的力学行为，其中力学行为包含有曲度、弯矩及椭圆化的相互关系，而椭圆凹槽分为两种，一种为固定凹槽的深度，并改变凹槽的宽度；另一种为固定凹槽的宽度，并改变凹槽的深度。

The objectives of this paper were to investigate the simulation and design of continuous multiple-station rolling forming process for a U-Section Steel Bar by CAE software-DEFORMTM Due to the limitation of elements number using a short strip 120mm went through all the stations to simulate the real continuous rolling forming on factory The roller gap was fixed as 0 30mm roll speed was 20 rad/sec and progressive angles were all equal for each rolling process which were the formed angle divided by by the number of station Three rolling processes were selected with 6 9 and 12 stations respectively During simulation processes two cases occurred Case A the strip was through a single station Case B the strip across two stations Because the strip laterals side was stretched and twisted during the process The model of case B closer to the practical process than case A and the calculated stress and strain on the tip of U section for case A were lower than these for case B by up to 15% From the result of case B for each process the stress for 12-station process was smallest 9-station process second and 6-station process next Because less-station can save larger cost and forming time but the bigger stress and strain for 6-station caused wrinkles on lateral sides not found on 9-station and 12-station Therefore 9-station process was a more suitable design than 12-station process smaller stretched and twisted and stress The progressive angles for 12-station was 7 5?

本文主要是以DEFORMTM有限元素软体模拟U型钢片连续道次成型与单一道次成型以确认单一道次模拟的是否可取代连续道次模拟之研究。因DEFORMTM 软体对於网格元素上的限制故使用较短素材120mm通过所有的成型站以模拟工厂实际连续成形方法。辊轮间隙固定为0 3mm；辊轮转速为20 rad/sec；弯曲角度的方法为将成型角度平均除以成型站数。有三种辊轮成型方式被选择分别为6站，9站，与12站。在模拟的过程中有两种现象会产生 Case A，素材通过单一成型站。Case B，素材会通过两个成型站。因为在模拟过程中素材的两端会有拉应力与扭力。Case B的模拟比Case A像实际的制程，并计算应力与应变在U型断面的Tip部中可发现Case A比Case B低约15%。从Case B的每站的结果可以得知，12站的成型应力最小，9站次之，6站最后。

The zodiacal state includes as an invariable element the essential nature of the planet, and as variable elements the nature of the zodiacal sign through which it passes, the nature and state of its dispositor, and the quality of the aspects which it receives.

黄道状态包括，行星经过星座时行星基本特性中的固定元素和可变元素，其定位星的本性和状态，还有其接受性的好坏。

It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of assembly of a foldable plastic slider comprising a body having a depending separator finger and a pair of foldable wings, with a profiled plastic reclosable fastener particularly suited for thermoplastic bags for opening and closing the fastener comprising the steps of positioning a plastic bag having a plastic reclosable fastener along the top edges of the front and back faces of the bag to receive the foldable plastic slider in straddling relation, the fastener comprising a first interlocking element having a female fastener profile attached to one of the faces of the bag and a second interlocking element having a male fastener profile attached to the other face of the bag, inserting the plastic separator finger between the first and second interlocking elements, and forming the slider in straddling relation around the male and female fastener profiles at the top edges of the bag by folding the pair of wings downwardly toward the plastic separator finger and against the opposite sides of the body, and securing the pair of wings to the opposite sides of the body in fixed relation with the separator finger to form a pair of side walls for the slider whereby movement of the slider in one direction opens the fastener elements and movement in the opposite direction recloses the fastener elements.

资讯科技是提供一个组成一个有一只靠区分者手指和一双可折叠的翅膀身体的可折叠的塑料滑动器的一个集会的方法发明的一个较进一步的物体，由于一特别地描绘塑料的 reclosable 牢系工具轮廓为打开而且关闭组成放置一个沿着袋子的前面和后面脸的最高边缘有一个塑料的 reclosable 牢系工具在跨立关系方面接受可折叠的塑料滑动器的塑料袋子的步骤牢系工具为热后可塑性的袋子适合，组成一种第一的联锁元素的牢系工具对袋子的脸之一和一种第二种联锁的元素附上女性的牢系工具描绘附上男性的牢系工具描绘到另一个袋子面对，插入塑料的区分者手指在第一和秒联锁的元素之间，而且形成滑动器在向塑料的区分者手指向下地在折叠双翅膀旁边的袋子最高边缘在男性的和女性的牢系工具的周围跨立关系描绘方面和反对身体的相反边，而且固定到与区分者手指的固定关系的身体相反边的双翅膀为一个方向的滑动器的运动打开相反的方向牢系工具元素和运动的滑动器形成一双旁的墙壁再关牢系工具元素。

Based on the detailed analysis of existing dimension recognition methods, this paper concluded a common limitation of existing methods-"single-entry recognition", which has three distinct drawbacks. First, the only recognition entry reduces the capability to handle drawings of different qualities; second, the fixed search order for dimension elements block algorithm seeking all possible ways to find a dimension structure; third, single directional recognition of graphic elements uses no drawing context and thus can not make use of engineering knowledge.

本文分析了现有的尺寸识别方法，指出它们共有的局限性——单入口的识别过程：单一的识别入口限制了算法对不同质量图纸的适应能力；固定的元素搜索顺序阻碍了算法利用一切可能的途径寻找和识别尺寸标识结构；单向的独立于上下文的图形元素识别忽略了应用领域知识对识别过程的启发作用。

The Haber process provided a new supply of "fixed" nitrogen to make fertilizers that are now responsible for sustaining one-third of the world's population.

哈勃过程开始于氮元素的一种非固定状态（氮气，这种状态下的氮元素是不容易被利用的），或者其他形式的包含氮元素的气体如氮氧化物。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。