固体

The principle and way of dectecing ultrasonic displacement of solid surfaces with laser heterodyne and phase-lockedloop to demodulate are described.

论述了应用激光外差和锁相环解调原理探测固体表面超声位移的原理、方法，并利用激光外差干涉仪对固体表面的超声位移进行了探测，得到了很好的结果。

This paper studies the main geometrical parameter such as angle, height, width, stagger and the upper width in dentation and trapezoid flow path, firstly, uses the single-phase numerical simulation of the computational fluid dynamics technique to analyse the influence of different geometrical parameter on discharge coefficient and flow state exponent of drip emitter. Secondly, uses the two-phases numerical simulation of CFD (1% sand content ) to analyse the influence of the above mentioned geometrical parameter on the contribution regulation of sand and anti-clogging performance. Thirdly, uses the PIV （ particle Tracking Velocimetry ） technique which can see the small-scale flow path to observe and test the trajectories and velocities of solid particles in labyrinth flow path, and analyses the basic factors which can influence the movement characteristic of solid particles and the flow state in flow path.

本文以齿形流道、梯形流道为主要研究对象，以流道转角、流道高，流道宽、偏差量及梯形流道上底宽为主要结构参数，首先应用 CFD 单相流数值模拟技术对不同结构参数灌水器流道水力性能进行模拟，分析了不同结构参数对流态指数和流量系数的影响，其次，应用 CFD 两相流（含沙量为1%）数值模拟技术分析了结构参数对含沙量分布规律和抗堵塞性能的影响，然后，应用 PIV 可视化测试方法测试了固体颗粒在流道内运行轨迹及速度，分析了影响固体颗粒运动特性及流道内流体流态的基本因素，最后，对上述流道结构形式通过模具加工及滴灌带试制，进行了标准化测试（ GB/T 17187-1997 农业灌溉设备滴头技术规范和试验方法与 ISO 标准 ISO /TC23 /SC18 /WG5N4短周期堵塞测试程序），测试结果验证了 CFD 模拟结果，并提出了迷宫结构流道灌水器的抗堵塞设计方法。

Lastly, two-phase flow flied is studied under spinning (60n/s and 100n/s) condition, integral calculation of the two-phase flow is completed in the spinning SRM combustion chamber and nozzle, and the behavior and varieties of parameters of different diametric particles are studied in spinning internal flow flied thoroughly. The analysis of result and discussion are presented by comparison to two-phase flow flied of no-spinning case.

最后重点研究旋转情况下(25n/s和60n/s)固体火箭发动机两相流场，进行旋转固体火箭发动机燃烧室—喷管一体化两相流场数值模拟，分析了发动机内不同颗粒的运动及参数变化规律，并与不旋转两相流场对比进行结果分析和讨论。

These experimental results indicate that the DNP technique is apowerful method to study organic solid materials containing unpairedelectrons.

利用DNP技术对碳纤维和中国煤样品进行了DNP增强下的固体高分辨NMR研究，DNP直接增强下采得的谱表明在这些样品中未配对电子局域于样品的芳环上，说明DNP方法是研究含自由基有机固体材料的有力手段。

Its variation characteristics before earthquakes are found,meanwhile the factors which will affect the variation of earth tide are analyzed,which can be taken as references for removing interferes and improving accuracy of earthquake prediction.

月球和太阳对地球的引力不但可以引起地球表面流体的潮汐，还能引起地球固体部分的周期性形变。到目前为止，在引起固体地球形变的种种因素例如冰雪和海水的负荷、大陆漂移、岩石层的构造运动

The solids mass flux in the riser is maintained by controlling the liquid flow rate through the eductor (which was precalibrated for solids flow rate as a function of motive water flow rate).

用喷射器(已把固体流速预标定为水流速函数)控制液流法来维持提升管中的固体物料流。

The moving packed bed is discussed by the continuity equation of fluid dynamic. It uses the Eulerian-Eulerian two phase model to discuss the phenomenon of countercurrent flow.

将高炉内移动的固体堆料床以描述连续体的流体力学方程式加以探讨，本文应用Eulerian-Eulerian二相流模型，探讨固体与气体的逆相流行为。

Seed explants of Eleutherococcus senticosus produced somatic embryos directly ongrowth regulator-free medium. The results were showed that use low temperature stressmethod to relieve the Eleutherococcus senticosus seed conformation dormancy andphysiological dormancy, to induce seed germinate. Proliferation of Eleutherococcus senticosussomatic embryo without any plant growth regulathors was better in liquid medium containing1/3MS+sucrose 3%, and better in solid medium containing 1/3MS+sucrose 1%.Eleutherococcus senticosus secondary embryo was stick to matrix through espial of cytology.Eleutherococcus senticosus somatic embryo was cultivated some times to form immature frondin liquid medium, then transfer into solid medium to form full plant. The experiment wasindicated that much more Eleutherococcus senticosus immature frond can be cultured inbioreactor, so large-scale production in bioreactor culture can be done.

研究结果表明：低温胁迫处理刺五加种子可以打破种子的形态休眠和生理休眠，促使种子发芽：在不添加任何植物激素的培养基中诱导刺五加体胚形成，其中，1／3MS+3％蔗糖的培养基搭配有利于液体培养的刺五加体胚增值，1／3MS+1.0％蔗糖的培养基搭配有利于固体培养的刺五加体胚增值；在进行体细胞胚增殖时，体细胞胚继代三周后表面开始形成很多次生胚，对刺五加次生胚进行细胞学观察，发现刺五加次生胚与母体只是粘贴在一起；刺五加体胚需在液体培养基中培养一段时间形成幼植物体，实验表明可以通过生物反应器培养大量的刺五加幼植物体，然后转入固体培养基中形成完整植株，因此可以通过生物反应器培养进行规模化生产。

Comparing with traditional flash lamp, it has a lot of advantages, such as high efficiency, longer lifetime, compactness, stabilize and reliable.

与传统的灯泵浦固体激光器相比，它具有效率高、寿命长、结构紧凑、稳定可靠等特点，是新一代固体激光技术发展的主流。

Diode-pumped solid-state laser is solid-state laser, used laser diode instead of flash lamp to pumping laser m...

激光二极管泵浦的固体激光器是用激光二极管代替闪光灯去泵浦激光晶体的固体激光器。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。