固体

The first chapter gives the summary of basic theories of EOS for solids, including often-used thermodynamic theories and phenomenological expressions during the study progress of EOS along with the finite strain theory. Furthermore, from the view of solid-state theory the general expression of EOS of solids P =Pc+Pn is given, and the microcosmic mechanism of compression for solids, i.e., the interactive potential energy between atomics, is also analyzed, subsequently several different forms of cold energies and pressures are derived.

第一章，给出了物态方程的基本理论概要，总结了EOS研究中最常用的热力学理论和唯象关系式以及有限应变理论，并从固体理论角度给出了固体物态方程的一般形式P =Pc+Pn，分析了固体压缩的微观机理——原子间相互作用势，由此导出了几种不同形式的冷能和冷压。

Doped ceria is a promising intermediate temperature solid electrolyte because of its higher oxygen ion conductivity and good compatibility with cathode and anode.

CeO_2基固体电解质由于具有比ZrO_2基固体电解质更高的离子电导率、很好的电极相容性而成为最有应用前景的中温固体电解质材料。

The Automotive Finishes was composed of Cardura E 10-based acrylic resin with high-solids and excellent weather resistance as main resin, and Cardura E10-based polyester resin with high-solids as additional resin to be used to improve decorative properties, such as chubbiness, gloss, PGD,and so on, of the only acrylic amido automotive finishes.

该面漆以叔碳酸缩水甘油酯(商品名E10)改性高固体份丙烯酸树脂作为主体树脂，该树脂是具有高耐候性的丙烯酸树脂，以叔碳酸缩水甘油酯改性高固体份聚酯树脂作为添加树脂，弥补单纯丙烯酸氨基漆在丰满度、光泽、鲜映性等外观装饰性等方面的不足，从而形成高耐候性、高装饰性的高品质、高固体份汽车面漆。

4The obtained solid alkali catalyst was applied to biodiesel preparation with colza oil and used oil as materials respectively and the technics was optimized by sigle-factor and orthogoral experiments with esterification rate as the index. The optimal technique conditions using colza oil were: the amount of solid catalyst 12%, the mol ratio of methanol to oil 9:1, reaction temperature 65℃, reaction time 3h, under which the esterification rate reached to 94.48%.

4以菜籽油和煎炸废油为原料，利用固体碱催化剂催化制备生物柴油，以转化率为考察指标，采用单因素和正交试验对工艺进行优化，得到以菜籽油为原料时制备的最佳工艺参数为固体催化剂投入量2.5％，醇油摩尔比9∶1，反应温度65℃，反应时间3h，转化率达到93.9％；以煎炸废油为原料时最佳工艺参数为反应温度65℃，反应时间3h，固体催化剂投入量4％，醇油摩尔比6∶1，转化率达到91.2％。

The study shows that in the radial direction the dynamic forces acting on the particle balance on the particle itself; there is not a so-called trajectory of the particle in which the composition of forces acting on the particles is zero, but there is a trajectory of the particle in which the radial slip velocity of particle is zero, the tra...

通过对固体颗粒的运动和受力分析发现固体颗粒在沉降过程中径向合力几乎处处为零，不存在所谓的径向合力为零的一个平衡轨迹面，但存在着一个径向沉降速度为零的轨迹面，这一轨迹面就是平衡轨迹面法所要寻找的；首次推导出了该轨迹面半径与固体颗粒直径、水力旋流器自身几何参数以及操作参数之间的定量表达式。

The making process includes: setting insulating solid film on one horizontal rotating carrier with particle detecting unit and etching with single particle beam in the incident angle of 9.6-90 deg to penetrate the film, shifting the film relatively to the single particle beam and etching for the next time, and so on until the film is rotated by one turn to obtain truncated cone shaped, double turned truncated cone shaped or cylindrical single nanometer hole.

本发明将固体绝缘薄膜置于带有粒子检测装置的一个可水平旋转的载体上，用单粒子束刻蚀该薄膜，单粒子束入射角大于等于9.6°、小于等于90°，并且单粒子束在该薄膜底部、顶部、或二者之间与薄膜旋转轴交叉，待单粒子束完全穿透该薄膜后，固体绝缘薄膜底部的粒子监测器反馈使该薄膜被穿透处与单粒子束相对移动1荆再刻蚀，如此反复，直至固体绝缘薄膜旋转一周，获得圆台形、双倒圆台形或圆筒形的单纳米孔。

For a heterogeneous elastic solid consisting of two homogeneous layers, three homogeneous layers whose shear wave velocities increasing with depth, or three homogeneous layers whose interlayer has high velocity, if there are multi-mode dispersion curves, the phase velocity V〓 of the first mode will close up to the Rayleigh wave velocity of the bottom layer when frequency f→OHz, and V〓 of the first mode will close up to the Rayleigh wave velocity of the top layer when f→∞.

由多导波模式的相速度频散曲线还可知，对于二层固体介质、结构层的横波速度随深度而递增的三层固体介质、含硬夹层的三层固体介质而言，若频率f→OHz，其基阶模式的瑞利波相速度V〓→V〓（V〓为最底层介质的瑞利波速度）；若f→∞，其基阶模式的V〓→V〓（V〓为最上层介质的瑞利波速度）；因此，随着频率f逐渐升高，野外实测的瑞利波相速度V〓曲线应该主要为基阶导波模式。

Both a free volume approach for Helmholtz free energy and a theoretically-based fitted formula for radial distribution function of hard sphere solid were employed to describe the Helmholtz free energy of Lennard-Jones solid in the framework of first order thermodynamic perturbation theory.

结合描述硬球固体Helmholtz自由能的自由体积方法与描述硬球固体径向分布函数的拟合的分析表达式与一阶热力学摄动理论，用于描述Lennard—Jones固体的Helmholtz自由能。

The solid immersion lens for near field optical storage has one negative refraction medium layer coated to the lower surface of traditional solid immersion lens to re-focus laser beam focused onto the lower surface of the solid immersion lens onto the surface of CD.

本发明公开了一种用于近场光存储的固体浸没透镜，在传统固体浸没透镜的下表面涂覆上一负折射介质层，该负折射介质层将聚焦于固体浸没透镜下表面的激光重新聚焦于碟片的表面。

Based on the analysis of the factors caused land subsidence, the internal mechanism and development process of land subsidence caused by two mainly factors of dewatering and underground mining have been studyed in this thesis. The random medium model and methods have been established to calculate the land subsidence and deformation caused by dewatering or underground minging and both of them. The prediction problem of land subsidence and deformation caused by single factor and many factors has been solved.

本文在分析引起地面沉降原因的基础上，针对引起地面沉降变形的主要因素——地下水疏降和固体矿物开采，分析、研究了其引起地面沉降变形的内在机理和发展过程，推导出地下水疏降和地下固体矿物开采引起的地面沉降变形计算的随机介质模型，给出了具体的计算方法和计算步骤，并将固体矿物开采和岩土体疏水等导致地表沉降视为相互独立的事件，解决了固体矿物开采和地下水疏降共同作用下的地面沉降变形的线性叠加计算问题。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。