围岩

Thirdly, surrounding rock deformation and failure process of layered rock mass in high geo-stress was reappeared through the physical models with different dip angle of rock stratum, and the stress change and failure discipline in the direction of vertical to bedding plane was definitely determined.

根据共和隧道砂质页岩的力学性质，运用相似理论，构筑不同倾角层状岩体的物理模型，研究了高应力条件下层状岩体围岩应力变化及变形破坏过程特征，确定了层状岩体在垂直于层面方向上围岩应力变化规律及破坏形态，揭示了深埋隧道层状岩体的破坏机理；物理模型实验研究得到的围岩应力变化规律及破坏特征与数值模拟分析的结果基本一致，同时也验证了横观各向同性弹塑性本构模型的正确性。

According to the entire theory of plastic mechanics,the relationship between equivalent stress and equivalent strain of circular chamber plastic zone in the complex stress state is deduced from nonlinear softening constitutive relation of rock under uniaxial compression.

依据塑性力学全量理论，将岩体单轴压缩的非线性软化本构关系推广，得到复杂应力状态下圆形硐室围岩塑性区的等效应力与等效应变关系；籍以求得应变非线性软化的圆形硐室围岩塑性区半径、弹塑性区应力、应变和位移；进而求得相应情况下的硐室围岩平衡方程、地应力与硐室周边位移关系以及围岩压力方程。

A formula of rock resistant coefficient is derived based on unified strength theory, which can be adopted to obtain rock resistant coefficient in other situations or strength thoeries simplified by assuming the parameter value in the formula. The strength differential effect, intermediate principal stress effect and the ground water permeation effect are considered in the formula.

基于统一强度理论，将巷道围岩视为多孔介质，考虑地下水渗流作用的影响，推导出了巷道围岩抗力系数计算统一公式，改变公式中的参数可以退化为其他围岩条件或者其他强度理论条件下的围岩抗力系数计算公式。

The measurement results show that the minor principal stress in the rock mass around the high-pressure cavern is 5.6–7.9 MPa and nearly horizontal,the jacking strength is about 6.0–8.0 MPa,and the permeability under pressure of 7.0 MPa is less less than 1.0 Lu.

测量结果表明，测点洞段围岩的最小主应力值为5.6～7.9 MPa，最小主应力状态为近水平；测点洞段围岩的抗劈裂强度一般为6.0～8.0 MPa，围岩自身具有较强的承载能力；在7.0 MPa高压下洞壁围岩的透水率大多小于1.0 Lu。

Analysis of the characteristics of soft rock roadway, combined with practical application, designed to spray a new anchor shell supporting structure and proposed mechanism of interaction with the rock that anchors the shell surrounding rock and shotcrete support system as an entity, anchor-body system and the deep rock formation deep rock control system, housing system and the formation of shallow shallow rock rock control system, through the bolt will be deep and shallow rock together, sprayed on the rock-body system to play the role of three-dimensional constraints, bolting technology, including high water, quick-setting grouting material between two groups, roof anchoring resin full-length high-strength bolts and small-diameter prestressed anchor to strengthen support for the conservation and help the two longer anchoring resin bolting.

分析软岩巷道的特点，结合实际应用，设计了锚壳喷新型支护结构，并提出了与围岩相互作用机理，认为围岩与锚壳喷支护体系作为统一体，锚体系统与深部围岩形成深部围岩控制系统，壳体系统与浅部围岩形成浅部围岩控制系统，通过锚杆将深、浅部围岩共同作用，喷体系统对围岩起到三维约束作用，锚杆支护技术，包括高水速凝材料注浆加固两帮、顶板采用树脂全长锚固高强度锚杆和小孔径预应力锚索加强支护及两帮树脂加长锚固锚杆支护。

In this thesis, the methods of surrounding rock masses stability classification on the basis of the geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM are approached, especially as follows:①The geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM in the Yellow River Diversion Project.of shanxi province is summarized systematically;②Based on the geological documentation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM, that whether the common methods of surrounding rock masses stability (the methods of regular factor classification) classification are feasible, is carried on the discussion;③According to the corresponding relation of muck and the boring parameters of TBM and the surrounding rock masses stability type, the extension assessment method of tunnel surrounding rock masses stability classification is set up, also the corresponding fortran calculation procedure worked out, and not only rational result in conformity with the reality can be obtained, but also the stability situation of surrounding rock masses in front of the working range can be predicted according to the change of the dependent value in the application instance of Yellow River Diversion Project;④Combining with the application instance of Yellow River Diversion Project, extension assessment method in the application of surrounding rock masses stability classification is compared and verificated in detail by applying fuzzy synthesis method by forefathers, and a certain degree discussion and summary about the application achievement of surrounding rock masses stability classification, which is assessed by extension assessment method and fuzzy synthesis method, are carried on.

本文基于渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录提供的地质信息进行了围岩稳定分类方法的探讨，重点进行：①对引黄工程中渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录的系统整理；②基于渣料和TBM掘进参数的地质编录获得的地质信息，对常用围岩稳定分类方法是否能够进行围岩稳定分类进行了探讨；③根据渣料和TBM掘进参数与围岩稳定类型的对应关系，应用可拓理论，建立了隧洞围岩稳定分类的可拓评价方法，还编制了相应的fortran计算程序，并在引黄工程的应用实例中不仅取得了与客观实际相符的合理结果，而且根据其关联度值的变化能够预测临近掌子面前方围岩的稳定情况；④结合引黄工程的应用实例运用模糊综合评判方法对可拓评判方法在围岩稳定分类中的应用进行了详细的验证、比较，并对前人在运用可拓学和模糊数学进行岩体稳定评判的应用成果方面，进行了一定的探讨、总结。

It is embodied concretely:(1) With the adoption of grouting bolts, the cranny in wall rocks can be blocked up, the air can be isolated, the wall rocks can be prevented to be weatherized and make water, the strength of wall rocks can also be avoided to be lowered;(2) The lax broken wall rocks are commentated to a whole by liquid after they were grouted and the rock"s strength is increased, so the wall rocks become a part of the support structure by using itself and become a whole with the original rock, and the roadway is made to keep stable but not easy to be broken;(3) The spray layer wall are filled with liquid after grouting, the stress is avoided to be concentrated because the load could be evenly acted on the spray layer and the support;(4) The pressure acted on the plank can be delivered to the two sidepieces and then to the bottom by reinforcing the sidepiece; At the same time, the concentration degree of loads acted on the motherboard can be weaken because of the enlargement of the combination arch"s thickness, as result, the rock"s stress is lowered and the heaving is alleviated;(5) The common bolt is made to be fixed the whole length after grouting, the layers are connected to a integral whole and bear the weight of loads, so the support structure"s unity is increased.

具体体现在：(1)采用注浆锚杆注浆，可以利用浆液封堵围岩裂隙，隔绝空气，防止围岩风化，且能防止淋水和渗水，避免围岩被水浸湿而降低围岩的本身强度及造成的巷道变形。(2)注浆后浆液将松散破碎的围岩胶结成整体，提高了岩体强度，实现利用围岩本身作为支护结构的一部分，且与原岩形成一个整体，使巷道保持稳定而不易产生破坏；(3)注浆后使得喷层壁后充填密实，保证荷载能均匀地作用在喷层和支护上，避免出现应力集中点而首先破坏；(4)注浆后使作用在顶板上的压力能有效地传递到两帮，通过对帮的加固，又能把荷载传递到底板；同时由于组合拱厚度的加大，这样又能减小作用在底板上的荷载集中度，从而减小底板岩石中的应力，减轻底臌；(5)注浆加固后能使普通端锚锚杆实现全长锚固，它们共同将多层组合拱连成一体，共同承载，提高了支护结构的整体性。

We, in this paper, combined the finite elements analysis with space similar material analogy test, studied the stability of the un-supported enclosing rock section during the comprehensive operation construction of the vertical coal shafts, analyzed the distribution laws of enclosing rock strain and surface radial displacement, hereby studying the un-supported height influence upon the enclosing rock.

本文将有限元分析和空间相似材料模拟试验相结合。对煤矿立井应用混合作业方式施工时未支护段围岩稳定性进行了研究，分析了围岩应力及表面径向位移的分布规律，研究了围岩失稳形式及失稳规律，并由此研究了未支护段高度对围岩稳定性的影响。

The entrance section of FuXi Double-arched Tunnel is modeled in the fact of factual shallow buried and unsymmetrical pressure condition. Adopting the three heading construction method to simulate twelve kinds of construction projects, confirm reasonable construction orders and left and right tunnel face interval, systematically analyze and research the changing law of the tunnel deformation and surrounding rock stress in soft and cracked condition of surrounding rock,bring forward pertinent advices against construction disease; Build the deep buried tunnel model in middle section of tunnel , separately adopt the central heading bench cut benching method and the central heading full cross method to simulate ten kinds of construction projects, establish the reasonable construction orders, sidestep length and tunnel face interval, which are due to the deep buried tunnel, systematically analyze and research the change law of the tunnel deformation and surrounding rock stress in the section with good surrounding rock condition, bring forward the reasonable construction projects which can make sure of construction safety and save construction time; Because the central wall is disturbed many times during constructing process, its displacement and stress distribution is very complex.

富溪隧道进口段依照实际的浅埋偏压状况建立模型，采用三导洞法开挖模拟了12种方案，确定了合理的施工顺序和左右主洞掌子面错距，系统地分析研究了软弱破碎围岩浅埋偏压段施工的隧道变形和围岩应力变化规律，提出了防止施工病害的针对性建议；洞身段按深埋隧道建立模型，分别采用中导洞台阶法和中导洞全断面法模拟了10种方案，确立了适合深埋隧道的合理施工顺序、台阶长度和掌子面错距，系统分析研究了围岩较好深埋段施工的隧道变形和围岩应力变化规律，提出了兼顾施工安全和节省工期的合理施工方案；由于受到多次扰动，中隔墙的位移和应力变化规律较为复杂，通过对各种方案的对比分析，得出了中隔墙在施工不同阶段的位移变化规律、应力变化规律和应力分布规律，尤其对于浅埋偏压段隧道施工时中隔墙位移和应力变化规律做了深入研究，提出了合理的施工建议。

Considering the theory of roadway support in soft rock, we proposed an active support mode based on study of rheology of weak adjacent rock, complex stress environment, and destabilization of original supports. Fully grouted bolt, extension grouted cable that can strengthen self-bearing capacity and entirety are used. Original support scheme and reinforcement scheme are simulated by means of FLAC(superscript 3D).

在分析硐室围岩岩性、软弱围岩流变、复杂应力环境及原支护结构失稳的基础上，结合软岩巷道围岩控制理论，提出了以全长锚固锚杆、锚索增强围岩整体性和自承载能力的主动支护，并以底板锚注加底拱返修加固。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。