园林

ABSTRACT :Chinese and English classical garden are representatives of east and west garden systems. They all experience the periods of germination, formation, development and matureness in their respective evolutions.

熊媛摘要：中国与英国的古典园林分别作为东西方两大园林体系的代表，在各自的发展过程中都经历了萌芽、形成、发展和成熟时期。

Through the summarization of design crafts including layout of sinuation and freedom,separation of scenery and lending scenery,it discusses the unique artistic thought of Chinese classic gardens,introduces the application of opusculum building ,points out the significance of leading garden artistic crafts into modern city s construction.

通过对曲折而自由的布局、划分景区和空间及&借景&等设计手法的总结阐述，探讨了中国古典园林的独特艺术构思，并对小品建筑的应用进行了介绍，指出将园林艺术设计手法引向现代城市建设的重要意义。

This text took colorscape in landscape as study object, which started with the keystone ofchroma...更多tology. It studyed the application of parallactic color and emotional color, contrasting colorand consonant color, on the basis of which we studyed farther application of colorscape inlandscape elements.

在了解近年来国内外色彩景观的发展现状及存在问题的同时，又通过对哈尔滨、沈阳、上海、杭州、苏州、南京、镇江、扬州等城市中著名的古典或现代园林景点的实地考察，进而产生了本文色彩景观在园林设计中的应用研究这一课题。

Based on the splendid culture of traditional Chinese garden-architecture and according to the classification principle of modern praxiology, this paper systematically studies the special topic of the environmental landscape design of traditional Chinese garden-architecture.

本文从我国优秀传统园林建筑文化的角度出发，依据现代行为学的分类原则，并结合建筑环境心理学、建筑美学和图解思考等理论，对我国传统园林建筑的环境景观构成做一个较为系统的专题研究。

It put forward that in landscape design the designer couldn't only pay attention to create a beautiful sight and prettify environment but also attach importance to make full use of the ecology functions of the landscape design and cooperate with architect design to improve building micro environment and mitigate the heat island domino effect to reach the positive action in energy saving of building.

并提出在园林设计中，不能仅仅局限于注重创造优美的景观，美化环境，还要充分发挥园林绿化的生态功能，与建筑设计结合起来，为改善建筑微环境，缓解城市热岛效应实现建筑节能起到积极的作用。

This article tries to make an analysis of the Chinese classical gardens and other cultural phenomenon of the same origin from the angle of vision, and points out that it was "reclusiveness", the Chinese traditional mode of landscape seeing, that has determined the physical form of the Chinese classical gardens.

摘 要：本文尝试从视觉分析中国古典园林及其他同源文化现象，指出是&隐&这种中国传统景观视觉模式决定了中国古典园林的物质空间形态。

See Bianca Maria Rinaldi,The "Chinese Garden in Good Taste":Jesuits and Europe's Knowledge of Chinese Flora and Art of the Garden in the 17th and 18th Centuries (Munich:Martin Meidenbauer Verlagsbuchhandlung,2006),171-257 on Ripa's and other China missionaries' influence on European gardens.

参见：比安卡·M·雷纳尔蒂。中国花园的高尚品位：基督世界以及欧洲对17、18世纪中国园林艺术和植物的认知。马丁·梅登堡·维拉格斯布汉德朗出版社，2006：171-257。有关马国贤和其他传教士对欧洲园林影响的论述。

56 Roman gardens, inspiring the whole of Europe and America, excel especially in terracing and exuberant vegetation provided generously by topography and climate.

罗马的园林乃欧洲美洲园林之祖，尤其是地势和气候所给与梯形格局和富饶的植被尤为精彩。

Beijing Jing Xiao-Hui Yi Garden Engineering Co.,Ltd.produc-tion base,locatd in Linyi City,Shandong Provence Feixian In- dustrial Park,the company is mainly engaged in garden chairs,trash,wood landscape products,gardening and other ancient works to create,to create a series of innovative,comfortable,du-rability of the municipal facilities to beautify the uran environ -ment.

北京晓辉颐景园林工程有限公司生产基地，位于山东省临沂市费县工业园，公司主要从事园林椅，垃圾桶，木塑景观制品，古建筑工程等园艺营造，创造出一系列新颖、舒适、耐用的市政设施来美化城市环境。

The Chinese botanical garden completely is different, also does not ask the spool thread to be symmetrical, also does not have any rule to be possible to follow, on the contrary is actually the mountain surrounded by water hugs, winds windingly, not only flowers and plants trees, no matter what original condition of the nature, even if constructs artificially also as far as possible complies with the nature, but is irregular, makes every effort with the nature fusion.

西方园林所体现的是人工美，不仅布局对称、规则、严谨，就连花草都修整的方方正正，从而呈现出一种几何图案美，从现象上看西方造园主要是立足于用人工方法改变其自然状态。中国园林则完全不同，既不求轴线对称，也没有任何规则可循，相反却是山环水抱，曲折蜿蜒，不仅花草树木任自然之原貌，即使人工建筑也尽量顺应自然而参差错落，力求与自然融合。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。