因果关系的

As the basement to integrate multi-scale spatiotemporal data, the object evolution model can retain the characteristic of the data with different temporal-scale or different spatial-scale, and reflect the temporal changes especially the heteromorphic changes, and the causalities within the evolving process.

本文通过对时空对象变化过程的分析，指出对象进化的结果不仅是特征的变化，还包括机制的变化，其直接动力是对象行为，其根本原因是其内在机制，时空事件起着对象间信息通道的作用，据此提出对象进化模型，该模型可作为多尺度时空数据集成的结构性基础，在反映时空现象的演变过程，特别是异构演变过程，以及在这个过程中产生的因果关系的同时，还可以保留时空数据的不同时间尺度和空间尺度特点，从而达到增加时空数据库的信息量的目的。

Free will is content: Necessity is form. It is only by the analysis of the two sources of knowledge, standing to one another in the relation of form and content, that the mutually exclusive, and separately inconceivable ideas of free will and necessity are formed.

三、第三类根据是，我们对理性所必然要求的无穷无尽的因果关系的了解，而且为我们所理解的每一现象（因而也是人的每一次行动），作为以往的现象的结果和以后的现象的原因，应当有它的确定的地位。

Empiric results indicate that there is a bidrectional relationship between FDI and economic growth while there is a unilateralist relationship between FDI and export; To utilize impulse response function and variance decomposition of FDI to reveal the effect of FDI on Chinese macro economy.

论文根据中国1980～2005年的时间序列数据进行实证分析：运用Granger因果关系检验方法对FDI与中国经济增长、出口的关系进行检验，发现FDI与经济增长之间存在着双向的因果关系，FDI与出口之间只存在单向的因果关系；通过VAR模型中FDI的脉冲响应函数和方差分解的方法，研究FDI对中国宏观经济的冲击作用和效果。

According to the emprical results,we draw this conclusion that there is a bi-directional casuality between A and B shares volatility in Shanghai stock market,while there is no evident and reliable Granger-casuality between A and B shares volatility in Shenzhen stock market.

本文利用时间序列分析中的格兰杰因果关系检验法对中国证券市场A、B股的波动性进行分析，发现上海市场A、B股的波动间存在双向因果关系，而深圳市场A、B股的波动间则不存在显著可信的因果关系。

The paper obtains some conclusions after many theories analysis and empirical tests: Firstly, Volume-price relativity is extensive: total volume or it's change, disassembled volume promoting price movement or it's change all has plus relativity to equilibria price. Secondly, there is unilateralisms Granger casuality in bullmarket, while there is bidirectional Granger casuality in bearmarket. There is not nonlinear Granger casuality in both markets. Third, Behavior finance has remarkable effects after contrasting to different investment conditions. Moreover, causality research by moving tendency can reflect the stable relation while usual causality research can't do. Fourth, it can be ture forecasing key period of tendency reversion by building volume-price elasticity coefficient containing composite information of volume-price and analysis methods of moving tendency.

本文大量的理论分析和实证研究得到以下结果：第一，量价之间的相关性具有广泛性，总成交量及变化、分解的促进股价变化的成交量及变化都与均衡价格收益有正相关关系；第二，在牛市中，收益和成交量之间存在单向的Granger因果关系，而在熊市中，收益和成交量之间存在双向的Granger因果关系，不论熊市和牛市，上证和深证量价间均没有非线性因果关系；第三，不同市场环境的比较中还发现行为金融在股市中的作用明显，通过比较发现依据运行趋势的因果关系分析能反映量价间的稳定关系，而常规因果分析方法却反映不出来；第四，通过建立包含量价信息的量价弹性系数指标和依据运行趋势的关键区域研究法，可以实现对趋势转变关键区域的预测。

We find bidirectional causalities between national financial development and that of Chongqing, and between national economic development and financial development in Chongqing region.

重庆总产出、第一产业产出、第二产业产出对金融发展有单向因果关系，重庆的经济增长是金融发展的原因；全国金融发展对重庆金融发展有双向因果关系，全国经济发展对重庆金融发展有双向因果关系。

As our inventions shift from the linear, predictable, causal attributes of the mechanical motor, to the crisscrossing, unpredictable, and fuzzy attributes of living systems, we need to shift our sense of what we expect from our machines.

由于我们的发明从机械动力线性的、可预见的、具有因果关系的属性，转向生命系统的纵横交错、不可预测、模糊不清的属性，我们也需要改变自己对机器的期望。

First, a reealuation of published epidemiologic studies of consumption of sweetened beerages and oerweight shows that most such studies either are cross-sectional or are based on passie sureillance of temporal trends and thus permit no conclusions about causal links. Second, research eidence comparing the short-term satiating power of different types of liquids and of solids remains inconclusie.

首先，加糖饮料的消费与肥胖症之间流行病学的研究的重新评估表明：大部分如此的研究要么是片面的，要么是消极的暂时的趋势考察，因此不能得出两者之间因果关系的结论；其次，拿短期的对不同的固体能量和液体能量的满意程度做比较的研究证据也是不确定的。

But in the Crusades we see an event, filling its definite place in history, without which the modern history of Europe is inconceivable, although to the chroniclers of the Crusades, those events appeared simply due to the will of a few persons.

三、第三类根据是，我们对理性所必然要求的无穷无尽的因果关系的了解，而且为我们所理解的每一现象（因而也是人的每一次行动），作为以往的现象的结果和以后的现象的原因，应当有它的确定的地位。

11 A second proof for the main conclusion is this. The end is the first cause in causing, wherefore Avicenna calls it the cause of causes. Reason confirms this, for the end moves metaphorically in so far as it is loved, and this is why the efficient cause gives form to the matter.

2.11 对主结论的第二个证明如下：目的是产生因果关系的第一因，因此阿维森纳称之为诸因之因，我们的理性证实了这一点，因为目的只要被仰慕，它就以隐喻的方式运动，这就是动力因把形式赋于物质的原因。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了