因果关系的

Up to now, the performance index is almost described as an algebraic function of manipulating variables, it implies the response of performance index to the manipulating variables is instantaneous or the system is in steady state, and the effects of disturbances on the objective function are not taken into consideration.

在以往的工作中，大都把过程的调优变量与目标函数之间的关系用代数方程描述，这意味着目标函数对调优变量的响应是瞬时的，或假定过程处于静态，而且一般也不考虑过程中其它干扰对目标函数的影响，即在算法结构中，调优变量与目标函数构成唯一的因果关系。

By combining some experts' viewpoint and the author' s research, the author discusses such general issues as the use of biased and small sample, the lack of potential variables, exaggerating of statistical diagrams, reflect on reliability and significance test, causality, and so on.

本文从心理学研究过程的内在逻辑出发，探讨了在心理研究中应用统计应该注意的问题和可能遇到的误用现象：有偏样本与小样本的使用，潜在变量的缺失，欺骗性的统计图表，量表信度与统计显著性检验的考量，事后解释的谬误，统计关系与因果关系等。

The research employs three variable VAR systems and the result shows that in different regions the causality of scale and efficiency index between financial intermediation and economic growth is different because of the differentials of regional economic development. Finally, the authors suggest that the financial intermedia...

通过运用多变量VAR系统的研究表明：金融中介的规模指标和效率指标与经济增长在各地区间的因果关系不一致，这与地区间经济发展水平的差异有直接关系，中西部地区的金融中介机构为更好地促进本地区经济增长应该扩大对非国有企业的贷款。

The complementary effect is much more notable than the substitution effect between FDI and trade. There exists stupendously consistency between FDI and trade in all the provinces. Two-way causality between the export of end products and FDI exists. Though FDI promotes the import of end products in the long run, it has substitution effect in the short run. In the short run, FDI has forward impacts on trade.

文章得到以下结果：中国对外贸易与FDI之间的互补作用远大於替代作用，各省市FDI与贸易之间的关系存在著惊人的一致性；FDI与制成品的出口具有双向的因果关系；虽然长期中FDI对制成品的进口具有促进作用，但短期中FDI对制成品的进口具有替代效应；FDI对贸易的短期影响具有滞后性，滞后三期的效果最为显著。

Rather than worry about the dim relationships between causes and effects in these massively swarmy systems crowded with circular causality, Farmer says,"The key question to ask in beating the stock market is, what patterns should you pay attention to?"

所以，对于这些充斥着因果关系循环、大规模群集式的系统来说，与其去操心原因与结果在这些系统中的那些模糊不清的关系，还不如，采用Farmer的思路：&如果你的目标是要击败股票市场，那么你其实是得去问这么一个关键性的问题：你应该去关注哪个模式？&

Rather than worry about the dim relationships between causes and effects in these massively swarmy systems crowded with circular causality, Farmer says,"The key question to ask in beating the stock market is, what patterns should you pay attention to?"

所以，对于这些充斥着因果关系循环、大规模集群式的系统来说，与其去操心原因与结果在这些系统中的模糊不清的关系，还不如，采用法默的思路：&如果你的目标是要击败股票市场，那么你其实是得去问这么一个关键性的问题：你应该去关注哪个模式？&

Rather than worry about the dim relationships between causes and effects in these massively swarmy systems crowded with circular causality, Farmer says,"The key question to ask in beating the stock market is, what patterns should you pay attention to?"

所以，对于这些充斥着因果关系循环、大规模群集式的系统来说，与其去操心原因与结果在这些系统中的那些模糊不清的关系，还不如，采用法默的思路：&如果你的目标是要击败股票市场，那么你其实是得去问这么一个关键性的问题：你应该去关注哪个模式？&

To aim directly at causality between export commodity using composition and economic development in China, differences of element input caused by appreciation of RMB, relationship between productive efficiency of trade department or not and exchange rate, and effect of every factor to micro commodity these problems, the paper applied econometric models such as vector auto regression, vector error correction model, varying parameter model and panel data model to expose contact between varied export commodity composition and different economic variables.

针对商品使用结构与中国经济发展的因果关系、人民币升值造成中国出口商品要素投入的差异、贸易和非贸易部门的生产率同汇率的关系、各影响因素对微观出口商品的影响四个相关问题，利用向量自回归、误差修正、变参数模型和面板数据模型等计量经济模型揭示不同类型的出口商品结构与各经济变量间的联系。

Based on the result of numerical modeling, thought that main power-source of the plateau uplift is driving and compressing of Indian plate toward NNE, a series of folding and uplifting of the crust successively appeared from the south to the north, and these folds and uplifts possessed a sequence and consequence on the plane and section.

根据数值模拟结果认为，青藏高原隆升的主要动力源是印度板块NNE方向的推挤力，地壳层依照自南而北的次序逐步产生一系列褶皱隆起，从平面、剖面上均具有密切的时序因果关系；高原隆升与活动构造的发育、分布具有密切关系，断裂活动强度自南向北递进式扩展，因此，祁连山脉是高原最年轻的新生活动山链。

Their messy, recursive field of causality, of every part being both cause and effect, makes it difficult for any part of the system to make routine linear extrapolations into the future.

它们所具有的那种混乱的、递归式的因果关系，各个部分之间互为因果的关系，使得系统中的任何一个部分都难以按照线性的方式去推断其未来的行为。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了