因果

But this just pushes the issue one step back, presupposing as it does that we have a concept of causation as something more than just another sense-datum regularity.

但是，预设'我们拥有一个因果概念作为某种不仅仅是感觉材料的规律性的东西'，这仅仅是把问题往后推。

Let me focus on just two difculties posed by qualia for any account of mental causation.

让我们集中于由感受质带来的'对精神因果的任何说明'来说都有的两个难题。

As such, they would gain an understanding of how their own thought-form reaps their own experiences, and learn the vital lesson of cause and effect.

同样地，他们会获得理解自己的思想形态是如何收割了自己的体验，并学会了因果的必不可少的课程。

It was found that the students use twelve different methods, including combining | facts and experiences, using anomalies, using analogies, rebutting, comparing and contrasting, elaborating, causal-effect reasoning, using investigations, making judgments, referring to authorities or textbooks, resorting to innate properties, and introducing terminology to talk about science. In addition, three categories of methods can be identified according to the patterns and trends of talking episodes.

研究发现指出，学生呈现「结合事实或经验」、「利用反证解说论点」、「类推」、「思辩」、「比较」、「论点再精致化」、「推论因果关系」、「建议以动手做结果来验证」、「判定不同的论点或主张」、「引证书本或他人知识」、「生物特性」以及「引入科学名词」等十二种对谈类型；且学生参与对谈的类型会导致对谈呈现扩展失焦、深入论证或阻滞不前等三类不同的发展趋势。

An increasingly important requirement for software systems is the capability to evolve dynamically according to the changes of computing environment and users' need during runtime. In this paper, a dynamic software architecture oriented approach is proposed to support online evolution. Notably, architecture information is reified as explicit and manipulable entities to organize a runtime architecture meta-model, which is causally connected to software implementation and specification.

为适应计算环境和用户需求在系统运行期间的变化，满足软件系统进行动态演化的需求，提出面向动态软件体系结构的在线演化方法，设计并实现了一种运行时刻的软件体系结构元模型，将原先运行时刻不可见的体系结构设计信息具体化为显式的体系结构实体，并与系统实现及系统规约之间保持因果关联。

Any of these considerations may require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating.

意思是任何如上的考虑都需要过去用一种新的更有启发性的方式被重写。重写和过去被更新这两件事没有什么直接的因果关系啊。

They should also be made to spell out the terms of interest-rate resets more clearly to borrowers.

他们还应该向借款人讲清楚利率调节的因果关系。

Second, research evidence comparing the short-term satiating power of different types of liquids and of solids remains inconclusive. Numerous clinical studies have shown that sugar-containing liquids, when consumed in place of usual meals, can lead to a significant and sustained weight loss.

第一，已出版的关于含糖饮料摄入与肥胖的流行病学研究重新评定表明：大多数这种研究要么是横断面调查要么是基于目前这种趋势的一种被动性的监测，因而研究也存在着允许两者因果关系不成立情况；第二，关于不同类型饮料和固体食物短期内谁更能使人觉得饱胀能力的比较调查还没有结果。

First , a reevaluation of published epidemiologic studies of consumption of sweetened beverages and overweight shows that most such studies either are cross-sectional or are based on passive surveillance of temporal trends and thus permit no conclusions about causal links . Second , research evidence comparing the short-term satiating power of different types of liquids and of solids remains inconclusive .

第一，已出版的关于含糖饮料摄入与肥胖的流行病学研究重新评定表明：大多数这种研究要么是横断面调查要么是基于目前这种趋势的一种被动性的监测，因而研究也存在着允许两者因果关系不成立情况；第二，关于不同类型饮料和固体食物短期内谁更能使人觉得饱胀能力的比较调查还没有结果。

First, a reealuation of published epidemiologic studies of consumption of sweetened beerages and oerweight shows that most such studies either are cross-sectional or are based on passie sureillance of temporal trends and thus permit no conclusions about causal links. Second, research eidence comparing the short-term satiating power of different types of liquids and of solids remains inconclusie.

首先，加糖饮料的消费与肥胖症之间流行病学的研究的重新评估表明：大部分如此的研究要么是片面的，要么是消极的暂时的趋势考察，因此不能得出两者之间因果关系的结论；其次，拿短期的对不同的固体能量和液体能量的满意程度做比较的研究证据也是不确定的。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐