因果

This paper studied the ideas of karma , reincarnation and hell and their influence on novels that are related to Buddhism in the New Legend of Paper-cut Lantern. It also briefly explained the conventionalized Chinese views represented by ideas of reincarnation and hell in Buddism in those works.

本文从《剪灯新话》中与佛教有关的作品入手，分析了佛教文化中的因果报应、明心见性、转世及地狱等思想观念对小说的影响，简单说明了佛教转世观、地狱观在作品中呈现出来的中国世俗化色彩。

As our inventions shift from the linear, predictable, causal attributes of the mechanical motor, to the crisscrossing, unpredictable, and fuzzy attributes of living systems, we need to shift our sense of what we expect from our machines.

由于我们的发明从机械动力线性的、可预见的、具有因果关系的属性，转向生命系统的纵横交错、不可预测、模糊不清的属性，我们也需要改变自己对机器的期望。

Therefore, using fault as device of delimiting causation will enable civil liability to be more just and reasonable.

因此，将过错作为界定因果关系的手段将会使民事归责更加公正合理。

The relationship of cause and effect should beconsidered in diagnosis of cosmetic dermatoses.

介绍了什么是化妆品皮肤病和如何正确诊断化妆品皮肤病等内容。建议化妆品皮肤病诊断时应包含对因果关系的评判，提出了具体的标准和操作方法。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

Human who every has morbidly suspicious mind, always fictionalizes some causal relation to explain why others will have such speech and behavior.

凡有疑心病的人，总是虚构一些因果关系去解释别人为什么会有这样的举止言谈。

Because of past glories, so brilliant future will continue to go on, this causal relationship is absurd.

因为有以往的辉煌，所以今后会继续辉煌下去，这个因果关系是荒谬的。

Compared with Tang Dynasty, it was more popular due to three major reasons. First of all, the competition in the imperial examinations of Song Dynasty was so intense that examinees felt their destinies could not be determined solely by their own efforts. The pressure drove them to an urgent need of harbingering examination results and being blessed by divinities. Secondly, the uncertainty involved in the examinations caused the prevalence of the belief of leaving things to chance. Thirdly, superstition of the imperial examinations was utilized by some to advocate karma and teach people at large to accumulate moral integrity and show mercy, adding fuel to the flames of the trend.

与唐代相比，宋代的科举迷信尤为盛行，主要原因有三：一是宋代科场竞争空前激烈，无法把握自己在科场上的命运，从而给士人带来了巨大的精神压力，他们迫切希望预知吉凶，并求得神灵的保佑；二是科举考试中的许多不确定因素亦即&幸与不幸&的存在，助长了命运说的流行；三是有人借助科举迷信宣扬因果报应，以劝世人积德行善，对科举迷信也起到了推波助澜的作用。

That the police wanted to know if the two suspects were tied to a string of drug store heists suggests that they recognize a causal relationship between addiction , prohibition and crime that leaders of both major parties have not been willing to admit .

警方表示，如果想知道两名嫌犯被禁锢在一连串的药店 heists 建议他们承认因果关系瘾，禁止和主要政党领导人都认为犯罪没有愿意承认。

Moreover, this type and the above several types are interpenetrated and correlated, as the law of causality is ubiquitous.

而且，这类形态，与上面所讲的几种类型也是相互渗透互相关连的，因为因果律是普遍规律现象。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐