因果

It is necessary to analyse the negative crime's causal relationship in binary point of view,including fact causal relationship and legal causal relationship.

应当从事实因果关系和法律因果关系的二元角度分析不作为犯的因果关系。

The results showed:(1)the factors which influence causal judgment were that the cause was the real cause or stimulative,the familiarity of the cause,and the covariation degree of causes with outcomes;(2)the character of questions didn't influence causal judgment;(3)causal judgment...

结果发现：(1)影响因果判断的因素有：事件原因与促进条件的性质差异，原因的熟悉度，原因和结果的共变程度；(2)问题抽象性对因果判断没有影响；(3)概率对照模型和因果模型理论在一定的情况下适用，但是都不能解释所有的情况。

The results showed:(1)the factors which influence causal judgment were that the cause was the real cause or stimulative,the familiarity of the cause,and the covariation degree of causes with outcomes;(2)the character of questions didn't influence causal judgment;(3)causal judgment in some conditions were in accord with the probabilistic contrast model and the causal model theory,but they couldn't explain causal judgment in all conditions.

例如，在两个刺激同时出现并且之后伴随着一个结果事件出现的情况下，其中一个刺激对结果的作用可能被认为减弱了，另一个刺激被认为更易引起结果事件的产生[1]。多原因相互影响的现象，最初在动物条件反射中观察到，现在也已经在人类因果判断的实验中证实了[2]。研究因果判断中的多原因相互影响这一现象是有理论意义的，因为它证明了因果判断产生的情境重要性。

Typical accident-causing" theories includes Heinrich" s Domino" s theory, its development by Bird, Adams and other people, progress of which is that it is deficiencies of management system that are the root cause in accident causation sequence. This is author" s idea resource and main method to produce the water traffic accident-causing theory . in addition, uncontrolled transferring of energy theory, applies widely in safety management scheme for water traffic; human error accident model can be used to analyze causes of collision accident and to take preventive measures; perturbation theory and multilinear event sequencing method is a very useful investigation method to water traffic accidents. All of these theories have contributed to the development of water traffic accident-causing theory. As to orbit intersecting theory, the paper thinks it extension of Domino s theory, although it exists independently.

有代表性的事故致因理论有海因里希因果连锁理论以及博德、亚当斯等人对该理论的发展，这些发展的主要进步是突出了管理缺陷是事故因果连锁中的基本原因，是本文分析和发展水上交通事故致因理论的主要思想来源和方法论；能量意外转移理论，广泛的应用在水上交通安全的各项具体管理制度中；人失误事故模型能用于指导对碰撞事故的原因分析和预防；动态变化理论及多线性事件连锁论对指导事故调查是较好的分析方法；轨迹交叉理论虽然以独立的理论形式存在，但本文认为其实质仍然是因果连锁理论的发展。

Empiric results indicate that there is a bidrectional relationship between FDI and economic growth while there is a unilateralist relationship between FDI and export; To utilize impulse response function and variance decomposition of FDI to reveal the effect of FDI on Chinese macro economy.

论文根据中国1980～2005年的时间序列数据进行实证分析：运用Granger因果关系检验方法对FDI与中国经济增长、出口的关系进行检验，发现FDI与经济增长之间存在着双向的因果关系，FDI与出口之间只存在单向的因果关系；通过VAR模型中FDI的脉冲响应函数和方差分解的方法，研究FDI对中国宏观经济的冲击作用和效果。

According to the emprical results,we draw this conclusion that there is a bi-directional casuality between A and B shares volatility in Shanghai stock market,while there is no evident and reliable Granger-casuality between A and B shares volatility in Shenzhen stock market.

本文利用时间序列分析中的格兰杰因果关系检验法对中国证券市场A、B股的波动性进行分析，发现上海市场A、B股的波动间存在双向因果关系，而深圳市场A、B股的波动间则不存在显著可信的因果关系。

The paper obtains some conclusions after many theories analysis and empirical tests: Firstly, Volume-price relativity is extensive: total volume or it's change, disassembled volume promoting price movement or it's change all has plus relativity to equilibria price. Secondly, there is unilateralisms Granger casuality in bullmarket, while there is bidirectional Granger casuality in bearmarket. There is not nonlinear Granger casuality in both markets. Third, Behavior finance has remarkable effects after contrasting to different investment conditions. Moreover, causality research by moving tendency can reflect the stable relation while usual causality research can't do. Fourth, it can be ture forecasing key period of tendency reversion by building volume-price elasticity coefficient containing composite information of volume-price and analysis methods of moving tendency.

本文大量的理论分析和实证研究得到以下结果：第一，量价之间的相关性具有广泛性，总成交量及变化、分解的促进股价变化的成交量及变化都与均衡价格收益有正相关关系；第二，在牛市中，收益和成交量之间存在单向的Granger因果关系，而在熊市中，收益和成交量之间存在双向的Granger因果关系，不论熊市和牛市，上证和深证量价间均没有非线性因果关系；第三，不同市场环境的比较中还发现行为金融在股市中的作用明显，通过比较发现依据运行趋势的因果关系分析能反映量价间的稳定关系，而常规因果分析方法却反映不出来；第四，通过建立包含量价信息的量价弹性系数指标和依据运行趋势的关键区域研究法，可以实现对趋势转变关键区域的预测。

It is very essential to have a causation concept for mankind when they self-executed the movable activities. Man can not deviate the basic principle from the causational rules when they studied any of the social phenomena.

因果观念是人类一切自觉活动必不可少的逻辑条件，人类在研究任何社会现象的普遍联系的过程中，都离不开以因果和因果关系作为基本原则的指导。

During the lawsuit of medical damage,to mitigate the patients'burden of proof,these principles and theories may be adopted—inversion of the burden of proof,Res Ipsa Loquitur to prove the medical negligence and causality.

第六章医疗损害责任中的因果关系，论述法学上的因果关系理论、医疗损害责任中因果关系的特点、表现形式、因果关系与过失的关联性，以及复数原因竞合场合责任的承担。

Based on the detailed expression of causality of criminal law,the subject of its study,and its objectivity,this essay deals largely with the problems in causality of criminal law and criminal structure,and in responsibilities of criminal law,holds that there doesn t exist any occasional causality,uses Marxist theory of dialectical unity of internal and external cause as the guide to criticize,inherit the relevant "condition" and caus...

在详细阐释了什么是刑法因果关系、刑法因果关系的研究对象以及刑法因果关系的客观性的基础上，对刑法因果关系同犯罪构成、刑法责任之间的问题作了大量论述，阐明在刑法因果关系中不存在偶然因果关系，并以马克思主义的内因与外因的辩证统一关系理论为指导，批判、继承了相关的&条件说&、&原因说&，提出在刑法因果关系中造成危害结果的原因的判定上，应坚持&刑法内、外因辩证统一&的观点。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。