四重

Racemic backbones 2-amino-2'-hydroxy-6,6'-dimethyl-l,l'-biphenyl la and 2-amino-2'-hydroxy-4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-l,1'-biphenyl 1b were synthesized from o-methylaniline and 2,4-dimethylaniline via nitration, diazotation/iodination, Ullmann coupling, selective reduction, diazotation/hydrolysis and hydrogenation.

从邻甲苯胺及2，4-二甲基苯胺出发，经过硝化，重氮化-碘代，偶联，单还原，重氮化-水解及还原反应合成了消旋体骨架2-氨基-2'-羟基-6，6'-二甲基-1，1'-联苯1a和2-氨基-2'-羟基-4，4'，6，6'-四甲基-1，1'-联苯1b。

Two new kind of energy transfer donor-acceptor dyads consisting of α-naphthoic acid moiety and 9-aminoacridine units linked by tetraethylene glycol or triethylene glycol flexible chain have been synthesized.

本工作分别用聚三乙二醇及聚四乙二醇柔性链将α-萘甲酸酯与9-氨基吖啶连接起来，合成了两种新型二元发色团分子体系，在两个体系中，选择激发α-萘甲酸酯，都可以发生从α-萘甲酸酯到9-氨基吖啶的高效率的单重态-单重态能量传递。

Weigh on the 1 st day of the 8th week, postanesthetic, the broken marrow is put to death , take out the heart , liver , brain , kidney and musculus quadriceps femoris and put and clean the blood in icing the physiological saline immediately , blot with the filter paper, weigh.

第8周的第1天称重，麻醉后，断髓处死，立即取出心、肝、脑、肾和股四头肌置于冰生理盐水中洗净血液，用滤纸吸干，称重。

Physiologicalmechanism of high yielding corn in the ravined valley was studied. Based on the results,the technical regime of ecologically adverse resistant and high yielding cultivation forthe corn in the ravined gully has been constructed. The major detailed techniques for theregime are ridging-ploughing in autumn and film-mulching during the thawing time inspring, adopting compact corn varieties with big ears and grains and adequately longgrowing stage, fertilizing adequately at seedtime and at jointing stage and irrigatingwith floodwater in the middle and late. The standardized techniques have also beenestablished.

&九五&期间，我们以充分发挥沟谷地的生态资源优势和育壮苗、攻大穗、增粒重的玉米高产规律为结合点，研究与明确了沟谷地高产玉米的生理机制，组建了以秋耕起垄顶凌覆膜保墒、选用紧凑型&三大&玉米品种、施足底肥重攻拔节肥、中后期洪淤补灌等四项技术为核心的沟谷地玉米生态抗逆高产栽培技术体系，制定了针对性强、技术准确、便于操作、简单易行的规范化技术。

Third, Evaluation criteria are inflexible and can not serve the aim of evaluating different projects with different characteristics, the evaluation index being unchangeably bound to papers, works, or scientific research projects.

通过对我国高校教师科研评价的研究发现存在如下问题：一是评价方法不完善，以定量评价为主；二是重形式轻实质，注重科研成果发表的刊物级别、获奖等级，并以是否&核心&、SCI、EI收录等形式代替实质；三是评价标准单一化，不管评价目的是否相同，均采用论文、著作及科研项目等源生指标作为评价标准；四是重数量轻质量，教师为了数量达标，不得不为凑数写文章。

Using classical diazotisation of anilines, 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrin was converted to a series of meso-tetraarylporphyrins with different substituents, including 5-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (80%), 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (74%), 5-(4-iodinphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (76%), 5-(4-hydrazinephenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (67%) and 5-(4-bisphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (32%). Therefore an efficient way of synthesizing unsymmetrically substituted TAPs was developed.

利用芳胺的重氮化及重氮盐反应，研究了5-(4-氨基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉上氨基官能团的转化反应，以较高产率合成了5-(4-羟基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(80%)、5-(4-氯苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(74%)、5-(4-碘基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(76%)、5-(4-肼基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(67%)和5-(4-联苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(32%)等一系列含单个para-取代基的meso-四芳基卟啉，为合成不对称取代的芳基卟啉提供一条有效途径。

Yunnanensis. The pollens of dehisced anthors of flowering P. polyphylla plants was slightly painted on the slide glass, the activities of P. polyphylla pollens were determined resp. by iodine-potassium iodide dyeing method (I2-KI), triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining method, aceto carmine dyeing method and fluorescein diacetate method with a little improvement.

方法］将滇重楼开花植株裂开花药的花粉轻轻涂抹载玻片上，分别用碘－碘化钾(I2-KI)染色法、氯化三苯四氮唑染色法、醋酸洋红染色法和略有改动的荧光素二醋酸酯法对滇重楼花粉活力进行侧定。

The reaction can be carried out in a non-aqueous solution and 4-aminopyridine can be diazotized with this method.

这个方法表现出如下优点：1），整个重氮化与偶联反应均在非水溶剂中进行；2），改变原料不同投料比，可以分别得到含有一，二，四偶联产物为主的反应产物；3），可以合成在酸性水溶液中不易重氮化的4-氨基吡啶的偶氮化合物。

Compounds 3a-3d, 4a-4d, 5a-5d, 6a-6e and 7a-7e were prepared with a new efficient method, in which the aromatic amines were diazotized with isoamyl nitrite in EtONa/EtOH under refluxing condition, and mono -, bis -and tetrakis -substituted calix [4] arenes were obtained respectively as main product by diazo-coupling in different molar ratio to calix [4] arene.

一，提出了一个有效的新方法合成含有芳香偶氮基团的杯[4]芳烃衍生物3a-3d；4a-4d；5a-5d；6a-6e和7a-7e：即在非水溶剂乙醇中用亚硝酸异戊酯，在强碱乙醇钠存在下对芳香胺进行重氮化，得到芳香重氮酸盐沉淀，过滤，然后加入杯[4]芳烃的四氢呋喃溶液，通入CO〓气体调节溶液的pH值为7-9，使其发生偶联反应。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。