四部分的

In the forth part of the dissertation, based on the mechanism of classical Strecker reaction,we developeda new method for the asymmetric synthesis of the α,α-disubstituted amino acid, and applied it to theasymmetric synthesis of-αM4CPG, compound 11a and 11b.

在本论文的第四部分，我们从深入分析经典的Strecker反应入手，发展了一条新的以酮为原料出发的立体选择性地合成α，α-双取代的光学纯的氨基酸的方法，并且利用该方法立体选择性地合成了化合物-αM4CPG，11a和11b。

It includes three conclusions. First, most undergraduates cherish Collectivism in China now. Second, there are nearly no relativities between the Collectivism and the individual characteristics of the undergraduates. Third, the relationships among the four factors are inerratic. Fourthly, the undergraduates'Collectivism has structures and arrangements. Besides, the complexity and the significance of the undergraduates'Collectivism are also illustrated. The incrementality and the emphases for the undergraduates to build up Collectivism are mentioned. As well, the specialty, the significance and the limitation of the study are included in this part.

第五部分，归纳本研究的结论；并依研究结论讨论和指出：转型期大多数大学生仍然坚持集体主义价值观；大学生的自然、社会特征与其集体观基本不相关；其集体观四要素的内在联系有一定的规律性；并阐明了大学生集体观对弘扬民族精神、发展社会主义市场经济的重要意义；指出大学生集体观的结构性与层次性；提出大学生树立科学集体观的渐进性及重点；说明了本研究的特点、意义与局限性。

The results indicated that the concentration of Cu in the soil is 220.16 mgkg^(-1) contrast to the CK 500.31 mgkg^(-1) significantly decrease when the concentration of EDTA in the soil is 2 mmolkg^(-1) that explains EDTA treatment significantly decreased soluble Cu content in soil because of translating into Cu of water distill floating on the surface of soil and most accumulating around root. Contemporary, application of EDTA to the soil significantly enhanced mobilization of Cu in soil and increased Cu uptake in shoot of Leersia hexandra Swartz., the highest concentration in the leaves 336.54 mgkg^(-1) is 4 times higher compared with the ck 80.34 mgkg^(-1). However, citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid inhibited mobilization of Cu and less significantly affected shoot Cu accumulation.

结果表明，当向土壤中施加质量摩尔浓度为2mmolkg^(-1)的EDTA时，土壤中Cu质量分数为220.16mgkg^(-1)与空白土壤中500.31mgkg^(-1)相比明显减少，说明EDTA可以极显著的降低土壤中的铜质量分数，使其转化成水提取态的Cu浮于土壤表面，并大部分聚集在根部周围，同时向土壤中施加EDTA不但促进了对Cu的活化而且显著提高了李氏禾对Cu的吸收，叶中最高质量分数达到336.54mgkg^(-1)是对照中80.34mgkg^(-1)的四倍；而柠檬酸、草酸和酒石酸则抑制了Cu的活化，但对李氏禾地上部分的Cu质量分数影响不大。

Four main parts were included in this dissertation:(1) Precise measurement of Gvalues of hydrogen peroxide in the reactions of flavonoids with superoxide anion andα-hydroxy ethyl peroxyl radicals;(2) Kinetic studies of the reactions of typicalflavonoids with α-hydroxy ethyl peroxyl radicals;(3) HPLC-MS analysis of theproducts after γ-irradiating rutin ethanol solution saturated with air, a reactionmechanism was proposed;(4) Preliminary investigation on the reaction between rutinand peroxynitrite.

本论文的内容主要包括四部分：(1)黄酮类化合物在与超氧阴离子自由基以及α-羟乙基过氧自由基反应的过程中生成的过氧化氢G值的准确测定；(2)几种典型的黄酮类化合物与α-羟乙基过氧自由基的反应动力学研究：(3)空气饱和芦丁乙醇溶液经γ-辐照后产物的HPLC-MS分析及反应机理推测；(4)对芦丁与过氧亚硝酸盐的反应做了初步的探索。

The fourth part is aiming at regulating the transactions between the controlling shareholders and the company. The author first expounds on the theoreticalfoundations of such regulation--the principle of shareholder equality and thefiduciary duties of the controlling shareholder. Then he compares the three different modes of legislation concerning the regulations on the transactions between the controlling shareholder and the company. After that ,the author concludes that we can borrow from the USA and Germany their relevant institutions. That is, disapplying the rule of exclusion of voting rights of the controlling shareholder, perfecting the recission system of the decision of the shareholders meeting and the rule of shifting the burden of production of proof. The author thinks that the adoption of those measures will achieve a reasonable balance between the efficiency and fairness of the RPT with the controlling shareholder.

第四部分针对控制股东与上市公司的关联交易，首先论述了规制此类交易的公司法理论基础——股东平等原则和控制股东诚信义务，接着在对美国、德国和韩国三国相关规制模式进行了比较之后，认为我国可以借鉴美国和德国的相关制度，取消控制股东在关联交易决议中的表决回避制度，并辅以股东大会决议撤销制度的完善、交易公平性的举证责任转换制度的采纳和损害赔偿制度的设立，以确保控制股东与上市公司的关联交易能够在效率和公平之间达到合理平衡。

National culture is the matrix and source which gestates national spirit, moreover she nourishes and grows national spirit in different forms and different carriers, so the author explains outstanding cultural tradition and relation of national spirit in the third part of the thesis.

论文的第四部分关于中华民族精神的弘扬培育问题，是本文重点论述的内容，在这一部分，笔者对弘扬和培育民族精神的历史方位首先做了探讨，接着详尽论述了其基本要求，特别是弘扬与培育的辨证关系最为重要，最后笔者对弘扬和培育民族精神的具体途径做了较为细致的研究。

In the forth part, we explicate Bergson" s esthetic ideal which oversteps the comedic concept in detail, and point out Bergson" s esthetic ideal is the pure mysterious doctrine and tragedy poem, which appear in the explanation of what is a poet.

第四部分对超出喜剧概念的柏格森的审美理想作以详细评述，并指出柏格森的审美理想是在对何谓诗人的阐释中显现出的对纯粹的神秘主义和悲剧诗的追求。

Characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism is the unusually large segment of the population actively engaged in religious pursuits (up until the Chinese communist takeover of the country in the 1950s an estimated one-quarter of the inhabitants were members of religious orders); its system of "reincarnating lamas"; the traditional merger of the spiritual and temporal authority in the office and person of the Dalai Lama; and the vast number of divine beings (each with its own family, consort, and pacific and terrifying aspects), which are considered symbolic representations of the psychic life by the religiously sophisticated and accepted as realities by the common people.

藏传佛教的特征就是很多部分的人口积极地忙碌于宗教追求（中国共产党1950年接管西藏的时候，估计有四分之一居民是僧侣成员），有&喇嘛转世&的体制；传统上是精神与当时暂时的行政权威和达赖喇嘛合并在一起；大量数目的神职人员（每一个都有各自的家庭，配偶，有平静和可怕的面貌），被认为是笃信地诡辩象征性地描绘着精神生活，被普通人承认为真实。

The proposed framework has a strong significance in real practice. In part 4, in the terms of mushrooming new marketing methods, the paper applied them into city marketing. First, by studying state marketing, the part reminded city marketers to pay attention to the external policy environment for city marketing. This part focused on the method that helps city to develop by taking advantages of state marketing. Second, this part reminded city marketer to pay attention to the internal citizens environment, by focusing on the method that helps the city to form a composition of forces, which is taking advantages of social marketing, and conforming city value concepts. Third, by studying experience marketing, this part reminded city marketers that pay attention to the psychological factors of city customers in city marketing, focusing on the methods that strengthen the city attractiveness, which is taking advantages of experience marketing, and subliming the inner experience of city customers.

第四部分，将近年来涌现出的新营销方法应用于城市营销之中，首先，通过对国家营销的研究，提出不可忽略城市营销中的外部政策环境，重点研究了城市营销如何借国家营销之大势，得以借力发展的方法；其次，通过对体验营销的研究，提出不可忽视城市营销中的&城市顾客&心理因素，重点研究了如何借体验营销之递进，使&城市顾客&逐步对城市产生归属感，从根本上增强城市吸引力；第三，通过对社会营销的研究，提出不可忽视城市营销的内部环境，重点研究了如何借社会营销之内力，统一城市价值观，形成城市营销合力。

The scherzo's main section suggests Berlioz's 'Queen Mab' from Roméo et Juliette , and its trio is redolent of folksong (alternating triple and duple metre, a repetitive melodic pattern, frequent rising or falling 4ths, a drone bass).

谐谑曲部分的主题让人想起柏辽兹《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的《玛布皇后》，而三重唱具有民间音乐的意味（三拍子和二拍子的交替，重复的旋律型，频繁的上下四度和雄浑的低音）。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。